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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Dapagliflozin Pretreatment Prevents Cardiac Electrophysiological Changes in a Diet and Streptozotocin Induction of Type 2 Diabetes in Rats: A Potential New First-Line?

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, &
Pages 123-133 | Received 15 Oct 2023, Accepted 22 Feb 2024, Published online: 19 Mar 2024

Figures & data

Figure 1 (A) Body mass: The weekly body mass measurements during the experimental period. (B) Fasting plasma glucose: The weekly fasting plasma glucose measurements during the experimental period. i.p 40mg/kg of streptozotocin injected on day 42 for all groups except the normal control (NC). (C) Oral glucose tolerance: The area under the curve (AUC, measured in mmol/l×min) calculated values from the oral glucose tolerance curves after an oral bolus of 2g/kg of glucose solution.

Notes: Values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 5 rats in each group). Variable analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc multiple comparisons test (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001).
Abbreviations: NC, normal control. DC, diabetic control. LD, low dose. HD, high dose. MET, metformin.
Figure 1 (A) Body mass: The weekly body mass measurements during the experimental period. (B) Fasting plasma glucose: The weekly fasting plasma glucose measurements during the experimental period. i.p 40mg/kg of streptozotocin injected on day 42 for all groups except the normal control (NC). (C) Oral glucose tolerance: The area under the curve (AUC, measured in mmol/l×min) calculated values from the oral glucose tolerance curves after an oral bolus of 2g/kg of glucose solution.

Figure 2 Typical electrocardiogram tracings obtained at the end of the experimental period of the (A) NC group, (B) DC group, (C) LD group, (D) HD group and (E) MET group. Dotted lines indicate where measurements were taken by the LabChart™ software.

Abbreviations: NC, normal control. DC, diabetic control. LD, low dose. HD, high dose. MET, metformin.
Figure 2 Typical electrocardiogram tracings obtained at the end of the experimental period of the (A) NC group, (B) DC group, (C) LD group, (D) HD group and (E) MET group. Dotted lines indicate where measurements were taken by the LabChart™ software.

Figure 3 (A) QT interval duration at the end of the experiment. (B) QTc duration at the end of the experiment. (C) QRS interval at the end of the experiment. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM. n = 5 rats in each group (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01).

Abbreviations: NC, normal control; DC, diabetic control; LD, low dose; HD, high dose; MET, metformin.
Figure 3 (A) QT interval duration at the end of the experiment. (B) QTc duration at the end of the experiment. (C) QRS interval at the end of the experiment. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM. n = 5 rats in each group (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01).

Table 1 Other Electrocardiogram Measurements at the End of the Experimental Period

Table 2 Heart Mass and Indices at the End of the Experimental Period

Figure 4 Paracardial adipose mass between experimental groups. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM. n = 5 rats in each group, (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, one-way ANOVA).

Abbreviations: NC, normal control; DC, diabetic control; LD, low dose; HD, high dose; MET, metformin.
Figure 4 Paracardial adipose mass between experimental groups. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM. n = 5 rats in each group, (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, one-way ANOVA).

Figure 5 The percentage fibrotic area of the experimental groups calculated using longitudinal sections of the left ventricle, (*p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001, one-way ANOVA).

Abbreviations: NC, normal control; DC, diabetic control; LD, low dose; HD, high dose; MET, metformin.
Figure 5 The percentage fibrotic area of the experimental groups calculated using longitudinal sections of the left ventricle, (*p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001, one-way ANOVA).