Assessment of the Diuretic Effect of the Leaves of Cucumis Dipsaceus Ehrenb (Cucurbitaceae) in Rats: Using Aqueous and 80% Methanol Extracts

Figures & data

Table 1 Urinary Output at Different Time Intervals After Oral Administration of Aqueous Crude Extract of Cucumis Dipsaceus Leaves in Rats

Groups	1hr	2hr	3hr	4hr	5hr	UE (Vo/Vi) *100%	Diuretic action	Diuretic activity
NC	0.78±0.19	2.80±0.0.21	3.58±0.0.31	4.20±0.40.33	4.65±0.0.28	58.71	1	–
SF10	3.25±0.61*	7.33±0.59***^b	8.95±0.52***^b	9.83±0.91***^a	10.80±0.68***^b	129.34	2.20	1
AQ100	2.33±0.57	4.05±0.45	5.20±0.39	6.32±0.71	6.78±0.62	77.66	1.32	0.60
AQ200	3.08±0.55	5.12±0.55	6.58±0.47*	7.57±0.68	8.57±0.72**	97.72	1.67	0.76
AQ400	2.73±0.33	5.90±0.52**	7.85±0.44***	9.67±0.54***	10.80±0.72***^d	120.94	2.06	0.94

Notes: Each value represent the mean ± SEM (n = 6). The mean difference is significant at the levels of: *p< 0.05 against NC. **p<0.01 against NC.***p<0.001 against NC. ^ap < 0.05 against AQ100. ^bp<0.01 against AQ100. ^dp < 0. 01 against AQ100. UE = Urinary Excretion; Vo = Volume of urine output, Vi = Volume of liquid administered. NC= Negative Control group receiving vehicle. SF = Standard drug furosemide; SF10 = Furosemide 10mg/kg receiving group. AQ = Aqueous extract; AQ100 = Aqueous extract 100mg/kg body weight receiving group; AQ200 = Aqueous extract 200mg/kg body weight receiving group; AQ400 = Aqueous extract 400mg/kg body weight receiving group.

Table 2 Urinary Output at Different Time Intervals After Oral Administration of 80% Methanol Crude Extract of Cucumis Dipsaceus Leaves in Rats

Groups	1hr	2hr	3hr	4hr	5hr	UE (Vo/Vi)*100%	Diuretic action	Diuretic activity
NC	0.78±0.19	2.80±0.0.21	3.58±0.0.31	4.20±0.40.33	4.65±0.0.28	58.71	1	–
SF10	3.25±0.61*	7.33±0.59***	8.95±0.52***^c	9.83±0.91***	10.80±0.68***	129.34	2.20	1
HM100	2.52±0.53	5.15±0.62	5.75±0.73	7.13±0.77	7.58±0.83	90.45	1.54	0.70
HM200	2.78±0.77	5.18±0.71	6.52±0.80*	7.32±0.97	8.75±0.90**	106.32	1.81	0.82
HM400	2.68±0.50	5.13±0.0.51	6.95±0.83**	8.75±0.86**	9.90±0.88***	115.79	1.97	0.90

Notes: Each value represent the mean ± SEM (n = 6). The mean difference is significant at the levels of *p < 0.05 against NC; **p < 0.01 against NC; ***p < 0.001 against NC. ^cp < 0.01 against HM100.UE = Urinary excretion, Vo = Volume of urine output, Vi = Volume of liquid administered NC= Control group receiving vehicle. SF = Standard drug Furosemide; SF10 = Furosemide 10mg/kg receiving group. HM =80% methanol extract; HM100 = 80% methanol extract 100mg/kg receiving group; HM200 = 80% methanol extract 200mg/kg receiving group; HM400 = 80% methanol extract 400mg/kg receiving group.

Table 3 Effect of Aqueous Crude Extract of Cucumis Dipsaceus Leaf on 5h Urinary Electrolyte Excretion and Other Parameters in Rats

Treatment	Dose (mg/kg)	Urinary electrolyte excretion			Saluretic Index			Na^+ + Cl^−	Na^+/K^+	Cl^−/(Na^+ + K^+)
		Na^+	K^+	Cl^−	Na^+	K^+	Cl^−
NC	20mL/kg	19.60±1.23	24.17±2.85	16.74±2.37				36.34±3.33	0.86±0.12	0.38±0.04
SF	10	43.60±5.53**^a	34.23±1.83	54.46±4.73***^a	2.22	1.42	3.25	98.06±10.06***^a	1.29±0.19^g	0.69±0.02***^h
AQ	100	19.60±2.37	38.57±7.56	22.88±3.75	1.00	1.60	1.37	42.48±5.25	0.58±0.10	0.40±0.02
	200	30.40±3.75	42.66±8.21	31.08±7.66	1.55	1.77	1.86	61.48±11.33	0.77±0.09	0.41±0.03
	400	40.20±4.99*^b	74.95±13.27**^c	46.42±3.88**	2.05	3.10	2.77	86.62±7.38**^d	0.63±0.15	0.41±0.03

Notes: Each value represent the mean ± SEM, n = 6, *p< 0.05 against NC; **p< 0.01 against NC; ***p<0.001 against NC; ^ap<0.01 against AQ100. ^bp < 0.05 against AQ100 & HM100 ^cp<0.05 against SF10 and AQ100; ^dp<0.05 against AQ100; ^fp<0.05 against AQ200; ^gp< 0.01 against AQ100 & AQ400. ^hp<0.001 against AQ100 & AQ400 NC= Control group received vehicle; SF = Standard drug furosemide; AQ = Aqueous extract. Na⁺/K⁺: Ratio of concentration of sodium ion in the urine of the group to concentration of potassium ion in the urine of the same group. Cl⁻/ (Na⁺ + K⁺) (Ion quotient): Is derived to estimate Carbonic anhydrase inhibition; Na⁺ + Cl⁻: Estimate saluretic activity.

Table 4 Effect of 80% Methanol Crude Extract of Cucumis Dipsaceus Leaf on 5h Urinary Electrolyte Excretion and Other Parameters in Rats

Treatment	Dose (mg/kg)	Urinary electrolyte excretion			Saluretic Index			Na^+ + Cl^−	Na^+/K^+	Cl^−/(Na^+ + K^+)
		Na^+	K^+	Cl^−	Na^+	K^+	Cl^−
CN	20mL/kg	19.60±1.23	24.17±2.85	16.74±2.37				36.34±3.33	0.86±0.12	0.38±0.04
SF	10	43.60±5.53**^a	34.23±1.83	54.46±4.73***	2.82	1.42	3.25	98.06±10.06***^a	1.29±0.19^g	0.69±0.02***^hij
HM	100	21.40±1.81	45.53±10.01	31.10±8.09	1.09	1.88	1.86	52.50±9.62	0.54±0.88	0.44±0.04
	200	28.80±4.09	67.45±5.75**	43.30±2.83*	1.47	2.79	2.57	72.10±5.02	0.45±0.09	0.45±0.04
	400	30.80.00±4.38	68.70 ±5.25**	50.66±4.91**	1.56	2.84	3.03	81.46±9.07**^e	0.46±0.07	0.52±0.05

Notes: Each value represent the mean ± SEM, n = 6, *p<0.05 against CN. **p< 0.01 against CN. ***p<0.001 against CN; ^ap<0.01 against HM100. ^ep<0.05 against AQ100. ^gp< 0.01 against HM100, HM200 & HM400. ^hp<0.001 against HM100; ⁱP<0.01 against HM200; ^jp< 0.05 against HM400 NC= Control group received vehicle; SF = Standard drug furosemide; HM = Hydro methanol extract. Saluretic index: Is the ratio of concentration of electrolyte in the urine of test group to concentration of electrolyte in the urine of control group. Na⁺/K⁺:- Ratio of concentration of sodium ion in the urine of the group to concentration of potassium ion in the urine of the same group. Estimate Natriuretic activity. Cl⁻/(Na⁺ + K⁺) (Ion quotient): Is derived to estimate Carbonic anhydrase inhibition; Na⁺ + Cl⁻: Estimate saluretic activity.

Figure 1 Urinary pH of rats treated with aqueous crude extract of C. dipsaceus leaves.

Notes: Each value represent the mean ± SEM, n = 6, NC= Negative Control group receiving vehicle; SF = Standard drug furosemide; SF10 = Furosemide 10mg/kg received group; AQ = Aqueous extract; AQ100 = Aqueous extract 100mg/kg body weight received group; AQ200 = Aqueous extract 200mg/kg body weight received group; AQ400 = Aqueous extract 400mg/kg body weight received group.

Figure 2 Urinary pH of rats treated with 80% methanol crude extract of C. dipsaceus leaves.

Notes: Each value represent the mean ± SEM, n = 6, NC = Negative Control receiving vehicle, HM =Hydro methanol extract; HM100 = Hydro methanol extract 100mg/kg received group; HM200 = Hydro methanol extract 200mg/kg received group; HM400 = Hydro methanol extract 400mg/kg received group.

Table 5 Phytochemical Screenings of Aqueous and Hydro methanol Extract of Cucumis Dipsaceus Leaf

Test for	Aqueous extract	Hydro-methanol extract
Saponin	+++	+
Tannin	++	+
Alkaloids	+++	+++
Terpenoid	++	++
Flavonoid	++	+++
Cardiac glycosides	++	+++
Steroid	+++	++

Notes: Key: +: presence of phytochemical; +++ > ++ > +: according to the intensity of characteristic color.