Experimental treatment of antipsychotic-induced movement disorders

Figures & data

Figure 1 Cataleptic effects of haloperidol (1 mg/kg) in saline, 8-OH-DPAT (0.25 mg/kg), or buspirone (1 mg/kg) pre-injected rats.

Notes: Values are mean ± SD (n=6), 30 minutes after the administration of haloperidol. Significant differences by Newman–Keuls test: *P<0.01 in 8-OH-DPAT or buspirone-injected animals as compared with respective saline-injected (first injection) controls. ⁺P<0.01 in haloperidol-injected animals as compared with respective saline, 8-OH-DPAT or buspirone-injected animals following the two-way ANOVA.
Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; 8-OH-DPAT, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin; SD, standard deviation.

Figure 2 Effects of mianserin (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg) on haloperidol-induced deficits of exploratory activity (in an open field [A]) and motor coordination (B) on Rota-Rod in rats.

Notes: Values are mean ± SD (n=6), 30 minutes after the administration of haloperidol. Significant differences by Newman–Keuls test. *P<0.01 from respective saline-injected controls, ⁺P<0.01 from saline- plus haloperidol-injected animals, #P<0.01 from mianserin- plus haloperidol-injected animals.
Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.

Figure 3 Effects of mesulergine (1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg) on haloperidol-induced deficits of exploratory activity (in an open field [A]) and motor coordination (B) on Rota-Rod in rats.

Notes: Values are mean ± SD (n=6), 30 minutes after the administration of haloperidol. Significant differences by Newman–Keuls test. *P<0.01 from respective saline-injected controls, ⁺P<0.01 from saline- plus haloperidol-injected animals, #P<0.01 from mesulergine- plus haloperidol-injected animals.
Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.

Figure 4 Role of 5-HT receptors in the modulation of haloperidol-induced EPSE.

Abbreviations: DA, dopamine; EPSE, extrapyramidal side effects; 5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine; 8-OH-DPAT, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin.

Figure 5 Proposed pathophysiological mechanisms of antipsychotic-induced TD.

Abbreviations: DA, dopamine; GABA, gamma amino butyric acid; TD, tardive dyskinesia; GSH, glutathione; SOD, superoxide dismutase.

Figure 6 Time course effect of RRBO on haloperidol-induced deficits of vacuous chewing movements.

Notes: Values are mean ± SD (n=12). Significant differences by Newman–Keuls test. **P<0.01 from values of similarly treated animals, ⁺⁺P<0.01 from respective week values of W-treated animals, and ^##P<0.01 from respective week values of WS and haloperidol- plus saline-treated animals.
Abbreviations: RRBO, red rice bran oil; SD, standard deviation; VCMs, vacuous chewing movements; W, water; S, saline; H, haloperidol.