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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Novel Nomograms Based on Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predict Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients After Hepatectomy

, , ORCID Icon, , , , , , ORCID Icon, & ORCID Icon show all
Pages 217-230 | Received 29 Sep 2022, Accepted 19 Jan 2023, Published online: 09 Feb 2023

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of Patients

Figure 1 Determination of the optimal cut-off value of GLR by X-tile analysis. (A) X-tile plot generated by GLR and survival data of the patients. The black point on the horizontal bar highlighted the optimal outcome-based cut-off value. (B) The histogram of the cohort. The cohort was divided into two groups based on the GLR cut-off value. (C) Kaplan–Meier curve displayed the difference of survival between high GLR and low GLR groups.

Abbreviation: GLR, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-lymphocyte ratio.
Figure 1 Determination of the optimal cut-off value of GLR by X-tile analysis. (A) X-tile plot generated by GLR and survival data of the patients. The black point on the horizontal bar highlighted the optimal outcome-based cut-off value. (B) The histogram of the cohort. The cohort was divided into two groups based on the GLR cut-off value. (C) Kaplan–Meier curve displayed the difference of survival between high GLR and low GLR groups.

Table 2 Univariate and Multivariate Cox Proportional Hazard Regression Analyses of DFS

Table 3 Univariate and Multivariate Cox Proportional Hazard Regression Analyses of OS

Figure 2 Nomograms for the prediction of 1-, 3- and 5-year DFS and OS. Each independent prognostic factor identified in the Cox regression was assigned a point. The total points could be obtained by calculating the sum of all factors. With the total points, the probabilities of 1-, 3- and 5-year DFS (A) and OS (B) could be predicted.

Abbreviations: AFP, serum α-fetoprotein; HBeAg, Hepatitis Be Antigen; MVI, microvascular invasion; MaVI, macrovascular invasion; GLR, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-lymphocyte ratio; DFS, disease-free survival; OS, overall survival.
Figure 2 Nomograms for the prediction of 1-, 3- and 5-year DFS and OS. Each independent prognostic factor identified in the Cox regression was assigned a point. The total points could be obtained by calculating the sum of all factors. With the total points, the probabilities of 1-, 3- and 5-year DFS (A) and OS (B) could be predicted.

Figure 3 Evaluation of the performance of the nomograms in the training cohort. (A) ROC curves of the nomogram predicting 1-, 3- and 5-year DFS in the training cohort. (B) ROC curves of the nomogram predicting 1-, 3- and 5-year OS in the training cohort. (C) Calibration curves of the nomogram predicting 1-, 3- and 5-year DFS in the training cohort. (D) Calibration curves of the nomogram predicting 1-, 3- and 5-year OS in the training cohort.

Abbreviations: DFS, disease-free survival; OS, overall survival; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; AUCs, the areas under curve.
Figure 3 Evaluation of the performance of the nomograms in the training cohort. (A) ROC curves of the nomogram predicting 1-, 3- and 5-year DFS in the training cohort. (B) ROC curves of the nomogram predicting 1-, 3- and 5-year OS in the training cohort. (C) Calibration curves of the nomogram predicting 1-, 3- and 5-year DFS in the training cohort. (D) Calibration curves of the nomogram predicting 1-, 3- and 5-year OS in the training cohort.

Figure 4 Performance of the nomograms in the validation cohort. (A) ROC curves of the nomogram predicting 1-, 3- and 5-year DFS in the validation cohort. (B) ROC curves of the nomogram predicting 1-, 3- and 5-year OS in the validation cohort. (C) Calibration curves of the nomogram predicting 1-, 3- and 5-year DFS in the validation cohort. (D) Calibration curves of the nomogram predicting 1-, 3- and 5-year OS in the validation cohort.

Abbreviations: DFS, disease-free survival; OS, overall survival; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; AUCs, the areas under curve.
Figure 4 Performance of the nomograms in the validation cohort. (A) ROC curves of the nomogram predicting 1-, 3- and 5-year DFS in the validation cohort. (B) ROC curves of the nomogram predicting 1-, 3- and 5-year OS in the validation cohort. (C) Calibration curves of the nomogram predicting 1-, 3- and 5-year DFS in the validation cohort. (D) Calibration curves of the nomogram predicting 1-, 3- and 5-year OS in the validation cohort.

Figure 5 Time-dependent ROC curves of the nomograms, the TNM and the BCLC staging systems. (A) Time-dependent ROC curves of DFS predicting. (B) Time-dependent ROC curves of OS predicting.

Abbreviations: DFS, disease-free survival; OS, overall survival; AUCs, the areas under curve; AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer; TNM, tumor node metastasis; BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer.
Figure 5 Time-dependent ROC curves of the nomograms, the TNM and the BCLC staging systems. (A) Time-dependent ROC curves of DFS predicting. (B) Time-dependent ROC curves of OS predicting.