The Impact of Leadership Styles of Nurse Managers on Nurses’ Motivation and Turnover Intention Among Jordanian Nurses

Figures & data

Table 1 Description of the Participants’ Socio-Demographics and Work-Related Factors

Percentage	Frequency	M(SD)	Group	Variable
Age	–	32.67(±6.81)	–	–
Monthly income	Less than 500 JD		50	29.4
	501–800 JD	–	94	55.3
	More than 800 JD	–	26	15.3
Years of experience	1–5 years	–	47	27.6
	6–10 years	–	59	34.7
	More than 10 years	–	64	37.6
Gender	Male	–	70	41.2
	Female	–	100	58.8
Marital status	Single	–	63	37.1
	Married	–	86	50.6
	Divorced	–	13	7.6
	Widowed	–	8	4.7
Educational level	High diploma	–	26	15.3
	Bachelor’s degree	–	101	59.4
	Master’s degree	–	37	21.8
	Doctoral degree	–	6	3.5
Working area	Medical-surgical ward	–	70	41.2
	Emergency room	–	53	31.2
	Critical care unit (ICU, CCU)	–	47	27.6
Shift rotation system	A, B, C shift	–	90	52.9
	Day/nightshift	–	80	47.1

Abbreviations: ICU, intensive care unit; CCU, coronary care unit; A, morning shift; B, evening shift; C, night shift.

Table 2 Scores of the Leadership Styles, Work Motivation, and Turnover Intention

Variables	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	Std. Deviation
Leadership style
Supportive style	8	33	24.43	4.66
Directive style	8	35	24.06	4.83
Achievement oriented style	10	34	23.91	4.99
Participative style	10	33	23.58	4.48
Work motivation	41	128	87.12	17.61
Turnover intention	8	30	22.01	4.79

Table 3 The Relationship Between Each Leadership Style and Work Motivation

Factors		Directive Style	Supportive Style	Participative Style	Achievement Oriented Style
Work motivation	r	0.293*	0.440*	0.350*	0.462*
	P-value	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Turnover intention	r	0.01	0.07	0.12	0.06
	P-value	0.88	0.34	0.13	0.46

Note: *Correlation is significant at the (p-value < 0.001).

Table 4 Predicting Nurses’ Turnover Intention and Work Motivation Based on Socio-Demographics and Work-Related Factors

Predictors	Β	Std. Error	T	Sig*
Predictors of nurses’ work motivation
Years of experience	2.304	−0.331	−3.143	0.002*
Age	2.582	0.169	1.754	0.081
Gender	2.787	−0.122	−1.559	0.121
Marital status	1.918	0.009	0.107	0.915
Educational level	2.033	0.095	1.164	0.246
Monthly income	2.512	0.072	0.765	0.445
Working area	1.644	−0.057	−0.747	0.456
Shift rotation system	2.758	0.100	1.279	0.203
Predictors of nurses’ turnover intention
Age	0.155	0.718	1.581	0.116
Gender	0.060	0.775	0.755	0.452
Marital status	−0.036-	0.533	−0.420	0.675
Educational level	0.009	0.565	0.108	0.914
Monthly income	0.119	0.698	1.243	0.216
Years of experience	−0.102	0.457	−1.325	0.187
Working area	−0.018-	0.457	−0.225	0.823
Shift rotation system	0.031	0.767	0.388	0.699

Note: *Statistically significant at the (p-value < 0.05).

Table 5 Predicting Nurses’ Work Motivation and Turnover Intention Based on Leadership Styles

Predictors	Β	Std. Error	T	Sig*
Predictors of nurses’ work motivation
Directive style	−0.021	0.337	−0.226	0.822
Supportive style	0.288	0.330	3.288	0.001*
Participative style	−0.001	0.365	−0.015	0.988
Achievement oriented style	0.324	0.344	3.330	0.001*
Predictors of nurses’ turnover intention
Directive style	−0.099	0.106	−0.930	0.354
Supportive style	0.044	0.106	0.426	0.670
Participative style	0.151	0.117	1.377	0.170
Achievement oriented style	−0.005	0.110	−0.042	0.967

Note: *Statistically significant at the level of (p < 0.05).