Immune-regulating effects of exercise on cigarette smoke-induced inflammation

Figures & data

Table 1 Search terms on PubMed

Focus CS-induced inflammation
Category A	(AND/OR) Category B	(AND/OR) Category C
Cigarette, cigarette smoke, cigarette smoking, tobacco, tobacco smoke, tobacco smoking	Defense, immune, immune cell, immune response immune system, inflammation	Alveolar, brain, cardiac, cardiac muscle, endothelium, endothelial, heart, HMEC, HUVEC, lung, muscle, myocardium, skeletal muscle
Focus immune-regulating effects of exercise
Category A	(AND) Category B	(AND/OR) Category C
Aerobic, balance training, bicycling, endurance training, exercise, non-aerobic, physical activity, physical fitness, run, swim, walk 11, resistance training, strength training	Defense, immune, immune cell, immune response immune system, inflammation	Cigarette, cigarette smoke, cigarette smoking, tobacco, tobacco smoke, tobacco smoking

Abbreviations: HMEC, human microvascular endothelial cell; HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cell.

Figure 1 Illustration about cigarette-induced induction of oxidative stress and inflammation in AECs.

Abbreviations: AEC, airway epithelial cell; TLR4, Toll-like receptor-4; DAMP, damage-associated molecular pattern; MMP, matrix metalloprotease; ROS, reactive oxygen species; IL, interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; IFN, interferon.

Figure 2 Overview about the distribution of inflammatory signals induced by tobacco smoking from the pulmonary system to blood, brain, cardiac tissue, and muscle and the immune-regulating effects of regular exercise training.

Abbreviations: BBB, blood–brain barrier; TLR, Toll-like receptor; DAMP, damage-associated molecular pattern.