Exercise-induced changes in stress hormones and cell adhesion molecules in obese men

Figures & data

Table 1 Anthropometric data of the participants

Variables	Mean ± SE
Age (years)	21.73±0.47
Height (cm)	177.09±2.27
Bodyweight (kg)	107.88±4.83
BMI (kg/m^2)	34.25±1.17
Body fat (%)	31.56±1.17
SBP (mmHg)	122.13±7.98
DBP (mmHg)	72.933±7.49
Lean mass (kg)	64.62±2.37
Fat mass (kg)	31.77±2.5
HRrest (bpm)	69.27±9.43
HRmax (bpm)	190.93±3.35

Abbreviations: SE, standard error; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HRrest, resting heart rate; HRmax, maximal heart rate.

Table 2 Changes in sCAMs over 24 hours

Intensity	Variables	PRE	IPE	1-hour PE	24-hour PE
LI	sICAM-1 (ng/mL)	126.80±7.27	120.43±8.86	118.64±7.99	126.17±8.25
	sVCAM-1 (ng/mL)	119.01±7.00	112.25±8.25	107.08±6.21	116.19±5.83
	sE-selectin (ng/mL)	12.99±8.85	11.36±6.55	9.60±4.81	10.48±6.67
HI	sICAM-1 (ng/mL)	127.52±7.27	137.97±8.86	129.50±7.99	127.84±8.25
	sVCAM-1 (ng/mL)	119.87±7.00	130.87±8.25	122.74±6.21	121.34±5.83
	sE-selectin (ng/mL)	11.45±6.13	13.04±10.10	10.90±6.76	12.14±5.83

Note: All data are presented as mean ± SE.

Abbreviations: sCAM, soluble cell adhesion molecule; LI, lower-intensity; HI, higher-intensity; sICAM-1, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1; sVCAM-1, soluble vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1; sE-selectin, soluble endothelial selectin; PRE, pre-exercise; IPE, immediately postexercise; PE, postexercise; SE, standard error.

Table 3 Changes in stress hormones at each time point by exercise intensity

Intensity	Variables	PRE	IPE	1-hour PE
LI	E (pg/mL)	44.07±6.78	41.19±9.06	41.80±7.85
	NE (pg/mL)	257.97±34.99	246.25±49.93	299.87±26.46
	COR (ng/mL)	259.74±23.07	187.52±31.09a	156.24±31.11a
HI	E (pg/mL)	44.29±8.02	48.35±10.72	38.05±9.29
	NE (pg/mL)	214.71±41.40	335.67±59.08	257.39±31.31
	COR (ng/mL)	243.75±23.07	262.12±31.09	189.35±31.11b

Notes: All data are presented as mean ± SE.

a Significantly different from PRE (p=0.01),

b significantly different from IPE (p=0.01).

Abbreviations: LI, lower-intensity; HI, higher-intensity; E, epinephrine; NE, norepinephrine; COR, cortisol; PRE, pre-exercise; IPE, immediately postexercise; PE, postexercise; SE, standard error.

Figure 1 sE-selectin concentration at each time point.

Figure 2 Changes in cortisol concentration at each time point following lower and higher intensities of exercise.

Notes: *Significantly different from IPE and 1-hour PE for LI (p=0.009 and 0.001, respectively), **significantly different from 1-hour PE for HI (p=0.001).

Abbreviations: IPE, immediately postexercise; PE, postexercise; HI, higher-intensity; LI, lower-intensity.

Notes: *A significant difference between IPE and 1-hour PE (p=0.029), **a significant difference between baseline and 1-hour PE (p=0.01).

Abbreviations: sE-selectin, soluble endothelial selectin; IPE, immediately postexercise; PE, postexercise.

Figure 2 Changes in cortisol concentration at each time point following lower and higher intensities of exercise.

Notes: *Significantly different from IPE and 1-hour PE for LI (p=0.009 and 0.001, respectively), **significantly different from 1-hour PE for HI (p=0.001).

Abbreviations: IPE, immediately postexercise; PE, postexercise; HI, higher-intensity; LI, lower-intensity.

Table 4 Relationships between sCAMs and stress hormones

Intensity	Time	Predictor	sICAM-1		sVCAM-1		sE-selectin
			R^2 (%)	p-value	R^2 (%)	p-value	R^2 (%)	p-value
LI	PRE	E	0	1	0.3	0.86	0.1	0.89
		NE	−11.8	0.21	5.2	0.41	2.3	0.59
		COR	−1.6	0.65	7.6	0.32	−31.5	0.03*
	IPE	E	1.3	0.68	8.4	0.3	1.4	0.67
		NE	0	1	4.7	0.44	5.7	0.39
		COR	−2.9	0.54	10.2	0.25	−10.1	0.25
	1-hour PE	E	6.4	0.39	7.3	0.35	11.8	0.22
		NE	−1.9	0.64	−0.5	0.81	19	0.12
		COR	−34	0.02*	−5.3	0.41	−7.4	0.33
HI	PRE	E	2.8	0.57	3.2	0.54	0.3	0.85
		NE	−0.6	0.79	2.7	0.57	−1.3	0.69
		COR	−5.7	0.39	11.4	0.22	−69.7	0.01*
	IPE	E	−16.8	0.15	−19.3	0.10	7.2	0.34
		NE	−2.5	0.59	−6.5	0.36	18.7	0.10
		COR	0	0.97	36	0.02*	−13.3	0.18
	1-hour PE	E	−1.4	0.73	−13.3	0.27	55.6	0.01*
		NE	−0.2	0.90	−19.5	0.17	19.1	0.18
		COR	−.4	0.81	23.2	0.07	−4.6	0.44

Note:

* p<0.05.

Abbreviations: sCAMs, soluble cell adhesion molecules; LI, lower-intensity; HI, higher-intensity; sICAM-1, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1; sVCAM-1, soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1; sE-selectin, soluble endothelial selectin; E, epinephrine; NE, norepinephrine; COR, cortisol; PRE, pre-exercise; IPE, immediately postexercise; PE, postexercise.