Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of Capsule Longvida^® Optimized Curcumin (solid lipid curcumin particles) in knee osteoarthritis: a pilot clinical study

Figures & data

Figure 1 Patients' flow in the study.

Table 1 Demographics and health characteristics

	Control group	Study group	p-value
Age (years)	54±8	57±7.5
41–45	6 (24%)	1 (6%)	0.3012
46–50	3 (12%)	1 (6%)
51–55	3 (12%)	4 (23.5%)
56–60	3 (12%)	5 (29.4%)
61–65	10 (40%)	6 (35%)
Sex (M: F)	2 (8%): 23 (92%)	6 (35%): 11 (64.7%)	0.0270
BMI (kg/m^2)	30.45±5.09	28.22±5.81
Normal	3 (12%)	8 (47%)	0.0375
Overweight	9 (36%)	3 (17.64%)
Obese	13 (52%)	6 (35.29%)
Concomitant diseases (Present: Absent)	5 (20%):20 (80%)	9 (52.9%):8 (47%)	0.0262
Duration (years)*
<1	3 (8%)	1 (7.14%)	0.1880
1–5	19 (76%)	12 (70.58%)
6–10	2 (8%)	3 (17.64%)
>11	1(4%)	1 (7.14%)
Severity of disease
Early	4 (16%)	2 (11.76%)	0.2480
Mild	4 (16%)	3 (17.64%)
Moderate	12 (48%)	4 23.52%)
Severe	5 (20%)	8 (47.05%)

Notes: All qualitative variables have been expressed as number (percentages), while quantitative variables have been expressed as Mean ± SD.

Figure 2 Effect of SLCP on clinical pain scores.

Abbreviations: VAS, visual analog scale; WOMAC, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index; SLCP, solid lipid curcumin particles.

Table 2 Effect of SLCP on inflammatory markers (pg/ml)

Inflammatory markers	Groups	Day 0	Day 7	Day 90
PGE2	Control	4.27 (0.88–6.37)*	3.98 (0.76–8.69)	3.12 (0.05–8.69)
Study	3.20 (0.15–7.85)	3.92 (1.60–7.12)	4.12 (0.58–6.75)
LTB4	Control	6.24 (0.06–6.44)	5.98 (0.07–6.44)	5.55 (0.07–6.44)
Study	6.04 (0.09–6.44)	5.85 (0.08–6.40)	5.97 (0.06–6.45)
IL-6	Control	11.16 (2.25–74.13)	8.43 (1.0–27.03)	8.18 (0.50–25.29)
Study	7.44 (1.75–46.36)	10.17 (2.48–61.24)	10.91 (5.20–148.26)
IL-1β	Control	12.33 (3.67–42)	13 (3.67–20.67)	11.67 (3.67–33)
Study	13.67 (11.40–30)	14.67 (10.50–29.10)	15.30 (0–28.20)
TNF-α	Control	60 (39.09–107.27)	58.18 (35.45–100.91)	50 (34.55–108.18)
Study	63.64 (32.73–208.18)	64.55 (31.82–177.27)	66.36 (30.91–212.73)

Notes: Values expressed as Median (Range).

*p<0.05 as compared to Day 0 of group treated with SLCP.

Abbreviation: SLCP, solid lipid curcumin particles.

Figure 3 Effect of SLCP on CTX-II.

Abbreviation: SLCP, solid lipid curcumin particles.