Association of Serum Complement C1q and C3 Level with Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Women

Figures & data

Figure 1 The study population flowchart.

Table 1 Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of AMD Patients and Controls

	AMD	Control	t value	P value
	(n = 118)	(n = 106)
Age (mean ± SD), years	62.47±12.64	62.62±8.47	−1.43	0.153^a
Sex, M/F (number (%))	58 (49.2)/60 (50.8)	59 (55.7)/47 (44.3)	0.948	0.330 ^c
History of hypertension (number (%))	56 (25)	11 (4.9)	24.683	<0.001 ^c
History of diabetes (number (%))	13 (5.8)	4 (1.8)	3.208	0.073 ^c
Smoking (number (%))	33 (14.7)	1 (0.4)	29.607	<0.001 ^c
Alcohol intake (number (%))	18 (8.0)	1 (0.4)	12.946	<0.001 ^c
C1q (mg/dL)	209.52±43.87	190.63±44.18	−3.422	0.001 ^a
C3 (mg/dL)	120.30±16.17	122.84±20.44	−1.031	0.304 ^b
C4 (mg/dL)	27.68±7.33	29.89±20.68	−1.085	0.279 ^b

Notes: ^aMann Whitney U-test. ^bIndependent samples t-test. ^cPearson’s chi-square test. The bold figures indicate p < 0.05.

Figure 2 Comparison of complement levels between AMD patients and control group.

Table 2 Comparison of Complement Levels Between Male and Female AMD Patients and Controls

	AMD	Control	t value	P value
Male
C1q (mg/dL)	193.31±35.89	183.15±47.19	−1.309	0.193^a
C3 (mg/dL)	119.45±16.68	118.39±19.99	−0.312	0.756^a
C4 (mg/dL)	27.21±7.60	30.17±26.14	0.829	0.409^a
Female
C1q (mg/dL)	226.31±45.33	200.03±38.54	−2.821	0.005^a
C3 (mg/dL)	121.14±15.76	128.42±19.81	−2.003	0.045^a
C4 (mg/dL)	28.14±7.09	29.53±10.73	0.805	0.422^a

Notes: ^aIndependent samples t-test. The bold figures indicate p < 0.05.

Figure 3 Gender subgroup comparison of complement levels between AMD patients and control group. (A) the comparison between male AMD patients and control subjects; (B) the comparison between female AMD patients and control subjects.

Table 3 Comparison of Complement Levels in Age Subgroups of Male AMD Patients and Controls

	AMD	Control	t value	P value
Male
Age≤56
C1q(mg/dL)	206.85±22.40	173.52±50.85	2.074	0.056^a
C3(mg/dL)	121.02±16.51	119.93±19.85	0.158	0.875^a
C4(mg/dL)	29.01±6.46	33.10±39.03	−0.342	0.734^a
56<age≤65
C1q(mg/dL)	176.01±34.39	172.35±35.36	0.309	0.759^a
C3(mg/dL)	120.05±15.62	114.13±17.49	1.045	0.304^a
C4(mg/dL)	25.61±8.18	26.28±7.81	−0.247	0.806^a
65<age≤71
C1q(mg/dL)	201.21±42.47	214.05±16.90	−0.413	0.685^a
C3(mg/dL)	112.91±13.88	133.56±11.27	−2.046	0.059^a
C4(mg/dL)	29.07±8.51	26.69±25.07	0.302	0.767^a
Age>71
C1q(mg/dL)	195.46±33.86	220.03±44.93	−1.742	0.092^a
C3(mg/dL)	121.38±18.67	120.23±25.80	0.145	0.886^a
C4(mg/dL)	26.21±6.37	31.59±7.89	−1.955	0.067^a

Note: ^aIndependent samples t-test.

Table 4 Comparison of Complement Levels in Age Subgroups of Female AMD Patients and Controls

	AMD	Control	t value	P value
Female
Age ≤56
C1q (mg/dL)	218.83±33.48	159.31±19.37	5.637	<0.001^a
C3 (mg/dL)	114.96±15.01	124.88±21.66	−1.161	0.045^a
C4 (mg/dL)	26.58±6.59	24.85±8.54	0.614	0.544^a
56<age≤65
C1q (mg/dL)	228.96±39.72	186.88±38.67	2.985	0.006^a
C3 (mg/dL)	119.44±9.64	129.39±18.40	−1.753	0.039^a
C4 (mg/dL)	24.19±8.19	27.72±8.42	−1.175	0.249^a
65<age≤71
C1q (mg/dL)	221.55±41.48	205.74±35.83	1.179	0.041^a
C3 (mg/dL)	119.44±10.64	128.39±12.40	−1.69	0.036^a
C4 (mg/dL)	29.58±6.82	28.07±11.08	0.399	0.693^a
Age>71
C1q (mg/dL)	220.40±44.60	210.61±39.49	0.560	0.028^a
C3 (mg/dL)	120.73±9.22	124.29±12.8	−0.803	0.103
C4 (mg/dL)	27.82±5.78	31.92±12.34	−1.030	0.310^a

Notes: ^aIndependent samples t-test. The bold figures indicate p < 0.05.

Figure 4 The proportion of AMD patients and control subjects in subgroups defined by the mean of C1q and C3. (A) subgroup defined by the mean of C1q. Q1: C1q≤200.43mg/dL, and Q2: C1q>200.43mg/dL; (B) subgroup defined by the mean of C3. Q3: C3≤121.51mg/dL, Q4: C3>121.51mg/dL.

Table 5 Logistic Regression Models Evaluating the Risk Factors for AMD

	Odds Ratio	95% Confidence Interval for Odds Ratio	P value
Overall
C1q (mg/dL)	1.120	1.009 to 1.132	0.001^a
C3 (mg/dL)	0.984	0.962 to 1.008	0.185^a
C4 (mg/dL)	0.976	0.926 to 1.028	0.353^a
Male
C1q (mg/dL)	1.011	0.994 to 1.028	0.200^a
C3 (mg/dL)	0.990	0.953 to 1.029	0.626^a
C4 (mg/dL)	0.952	0.868 to 1.043	0.287^a
Female
C1q (mg/dL)	1.132	1.106 to 1.159	0.016^a
C3 (mg/dL)	0.960	0.923 to 1.000	0.048^a
C4 (mg/dL)	0.964	0.889 to 1.047	0.386^a

Notes: ^aBinary logistic regression adjusted for age, gender, hypertension, smoking and alcohol intake. The bold figures indicate p < 0.05.