Research Progress on the Mechanism of Sepsis Induced Myocardial Injury

Figures & data

Figure 1 Mechanisms of myocardial injury induced by sepsis.

Figure 2 Apoptosis-related proteins of SIMI.

Figure 3 PI3K/Ak/mTOR and AMPK pathway relating to autophagy in SIMI.

Table 1 Confirmed Therapeutic Strategies Based on 6 Types of Mechanisms in SIMI

Mechanisms	Treatment	Target or Signaling Pathway	Effect	Reference
Apoptosis	H2S Melatonin	PI3K/Akt↑	Inhibition	[41]
	Resveratrol	PI3K/AKT/mTOR↑	Inhibition	[39]
	Oleuropein	GSK-3β/NF-kB↓	Inhibition	[50]
	Dehydrocorydaline	TRAF6↑ NF-κB↓	Inhibition	[44]
	Tannic acid	ROS↓	Inhibition	[62]
	Melatonin	SIRT1↑	Inhibition	[98]
	Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction	Caspase-3↓	Inhibition	[26]
	Shenfu	Bcl-2 Bid t-Bid caspase-9↑	Inhibition	[30]
	Naringin	Bcl-2↑ BAX↓	Inhibition	[153]
	Hesperetin	JNK/Bax↓	Inhibition	[29]
	Astaxanthin	MAPK↓	Inhibition	[33]
	Astaxanthin	PI3K/AKT/mTOR↓	Inhibition	[33]
	Oxymatrine	TNF-α/P38-MAPK /caspase-3↓	Inhibition	[37]
Mitochondrial dysfunction	HuMSC-exo	PINK1/PKA/NCLX↑	Inhibition	[69]
	Ginsenoside-Rg1	P2X7 /Akt/GSK-3β↑	Inhibition	[70]
	NaHS	PGC-1α/Nrf2↑	Inhibition	[76]
Autophagy	Melatonin	AMPK↑	Activation	[98]
	Luteolin	AMPK↑	Activation	[97]
	UCP2	AMPK↑	Activation	[82]
	Narciclasine	JNK↑	Activation	[102]
	Dexmedetomidine	PI3K/Akt ↑	Activation	[92]
	Capsaicin	14-3-3γ↑ mTOR ↓	Activation	[93]
Excessive inflammatory response	Hyperoside	miR-21↓	Inhibition	[136]
	MSC-derived exosomes	miR-223↑	Inhibition	[69]
	WJ-MSCs	α7nAChRs↑ CAP↑	Inhibition	[147]
	BM-MSC-derived exosomes	miR-141↑ PTEN↓/β-catenin↑	Inhibition	[146]
	Matrine	LncRNA PTENP1↓ miR-106b-5p↓	Inhibition	[141]
	Myricetin	NF-κB↓	Inhibition	[122]
	Astragalus polysaccharide nanoparticles	TLR4/NF-κB↓	Inhibition	[125]
	Helium	TLR4/NF-κB↓	Inhibition	[126]
	Berberine	TLR4/NF-κB↓	Inhibition	[124]
	Resolvin E1	MAPK/NF-κB↓	Inhibition	[130]
	Zerumin A	MAPK/NF-κB↓	Inhibition	[129]
	Astragaloside IV	NF-κB↓ PI3K/Akt ↑	Inhibition	[110]
	Salidroside	IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β↓	Inhibition	[119]
	Disulfiram	NLRP3↓	Inhibition	[115]
	Shikonin	NLRP3↓ SIRT1↑	Inhibition	[114]
	Salidroside	IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β↓	Inhibition	[119]
	Oxymatrine	JAK2/STAT3↓	Inhibition	[118]
	Butyrate	TNF-α, IL-6 LTB4↓	Inhibition	[154]
	Neuregulin-1	TNF-α, IL-1β IL-6↓	Inhibition	[108]
	Naringin	TNF-α, IL-1β IL-6↓	Inhibition	[153]
Oxidative stress	Resveratrol	Nrf2↑	Inhibition	[157]
	Maresin 1	Nrf2↑	Inhibition	[156]
	Naringin	SOD ↑ MDA↓	Inhibition	[153]
	Butyrate	SOD ↑ MDA↓	Inhibition	[154]
	Apigenin	NF-κB ↓	Inhibition	[159]
	Remifentanil	PKCβ2↓	Inhibition	[158]
pyroptosis	Syringaresinol	ER/SIRT1/NLRP3/GSDMD ↓	Inhibition	[163]
	Irisin	NLRP3 ↓	Inhibition	[166]
	Emodin	Caspase-1↓ NLRP3 ↓	Inhibition	[167]

Notes: ↑: the expression of signaling pathways is enhanced; ↓: the expression of signaling pathways is inhibited.

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