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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Liposoluble C60 at the Cellular, Molecular, and Whole-Animal Levels

, , , & ORCID Icon
Pages 83-93 | Received 18 Aug 2022, Accepted 16 Dec 2022, Published online: 07 Jan 2023

Figures & data

Figure 1 The effect of C60-Oil on the migration of human neutrophils. (A) Examination of the inhibitory effect of C60 dissolved in grape seed oil on the migration of human neutrophils under a microscope (4×) (± s, n=4). Migration distance is in µm. (B) The effect of C60-Oil on the migration of human neutrophils (± s, n=3). The three groups represent the results of examining the blood samples derived from different volunteers. * P < 0.05 vs the Oil group, while ** P < 0.01 vs the Oil group.

Figure 1 The effect of C60-Oil on the migration of human neutrophils. (A) Examination of the inhibitory effect of C60 dissolved in grape seed oil on the migration of human neutrophils under a microscope (4×) (± s, n=4). Migration distance is in µm. (B) The effect of C60-Oil on the migration of human neutrophils (± s, n=3). The three groups represent the results of examining the blood samples derived from different volunteers. * P < 0.05 vs the Oil group, while ** P < 0.01 vs the Oil group.

Figure 2 Effect of C60-Oil on the release of TNF-α, phagocytosis, and apoptosis by human neutrophils. (A) Effect of C60-Oil on the release of TNF-α by human neutrophils (± s, n=3). The results were obtained by examining blood samples from three different volunteers. * P < 0.05 vs the Oil group, ** P < 0.01 vs the Oil group. (B) Effect of C60-Oil on the phagocytic activity of human neutrophils (± s, n=3). * P < 0.05 vs the Oil group, ** P < 0.01 vs the Oil group. (C) Effect of C60-Oil on the apoptosis of human neutrophils (± s, n=3). * P < 0.05 vs the Oil group, ** P < 0.01 vs the Oil group.

Figure 2 Effect of C60-Oil on the release of TNF-α, phagocytosis, and apoptosis by human neutrophils. (A) Effect of C60-Oil on the release of TNF-α by human neutrophils (± s, n=3). The results were obtained by examining blood samples from three different volunteers. * P < 0.05 vs the Oil group, ** P < 0.01 vs the Oil group. (B) Effect of C60-Oil on the phagocytic activity of human neutrophils (± s, n=3). * P < 0.05 vs the Oil group, ** P < 0.01 vs the Oil group. (C) Effect of C60-Oil on the apoptosis of human neutrophils (± s, n=3). * P < 0.05 vs the Oil group, ** P < 0.01 vs the Oil group.

Figure 3 Effect of C60-Oil on respiratory burst in human neutrophils. (A) Effect of C60-Oil on respiratory burst in human neutrophils (± s, n=3). ** P < 0.01 vs the Oil group; # P < 0.05 vs the PMA group; ## P < 0.01 vs the PMA group. (B) Effect of C60-Oil on the foreign particle–induced respiratory burst in human neutrophils (± s, n=3). * P < 0.05 vs the Oil group, ** P < 0.01 vs the Oil group; # P < 0.05 vs the LPS group; ## P < 0.01 vs the LPS group.

Figure 3 Effect of C60-Oil on respiratory burst in human neutrophils. (A) Effect of C60-Oil on respiratory burst in human neutrophils (± s, n=3). ** P < 0.01 vs the Oil group; # P < 0.05 vs the PMA group; ## P < 0.01 vs the PMA group. (B) Effect of C60-Oil on the foreign particle–induced respiratory burst in human neutrophils (± s, n=3). * P < 0.05 vs the Oil group, ** P < 0.01 vs the Oil group; # P < 0.05 vs the LPS group; ## P < 0.01 vs the LPS group.

Figure 4 Scavenging effect of C60-Oil on DPPH free radicals.

Figure 4 Scavenging effect of C60-Oil on DPPH free radicals.

Figure 5 Oral administration of C60-Oil reduces the level of the blood inflammation marker CRP in beagle dogs. Day 0, Day 3, Day 6, and Day 9 represent before treatment, treatment for 3 days, treatment for 6 days, and treatment for 9 days, respectively (± s, n=6). * P < 0.05 vs Day 0, ** P < 0.01 vs Day 0.

Figure 5 Oral administration of C60-Oil reduces the level of the blood inflammation marker CRP in beagle dogs. Day 0, Day 3, Day 6, and Day 9 represent before treatment, treatment for 3 days, treatment for 6 days, and treatment for 9 days, respectively (± s, n=6). * P < 0.05 vs Day 0, ** P < 0.01 vs Day 0.