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REVIEW

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: A Novel Approach to Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Impairment

, , , , , , & show all
Pages 4213-4228 | Received 26 Jul 2023, Accepted 12 Sep 2023, Published online: 21 Sep 2023

Figures & data

Table 1 Symptoms and Incidence of Diabetes-Related Cognitive Impairment

Figure 1 After stimulated by external signal series, MSCs activate multiple signaling pathways and activate the synthesis of various proteins and non-coding RNAs through signaling. Several exosome-associated proteins such as TSG101, Alix, CD63, etc., become enriched in MVEs and participate in the packaging of exosomal cargo. With the assistance of ESCRT, ILVs are formed within MVEs. Simultaneously, MVEs may undergo material exchange with the Golgi apparatus and undergo partial degradation within lysosomes. The remaining MVEs then fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing exosomes into the extracellular space. Exosomes released in this manner often have molecular markers such as CD9, CD63, CD81, CD82 on their surface (created with BioRender.com).

Figure 1 After stimulated by external signal series, MSCs activate multiple signaling pathways and activate the synthesis of various proteins and non-coding RNAs through signaling. Several exosome-associated proteins such as TSG101, Alix, CD63, etc., become enriched in MVEs and participate in the packaging of exosomal cargo. With the assistance of ESCRT, ILVs are formed within MVEs. Simultaneously, MVEs may undergo material exchange with the Golgi apparatus and undergo partial degradation within lysosomes. The remaining MVEs then fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing exosomes into the extracellular space. Exosomes released in this manner often have molecular markers such as CD9, CD63, CD81, CD82 on their surface (created with BioRender.com).

Table 2 Comparison of Exosome Isolation Methods

Figure 2 Overview of the beneficial effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on diabetes-associated cognitive impairment (created with BioRender.com).

Figure 2 Overview of the beneficial effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on diabetes-associated cognitive impairment (created with BioRender.com).