Prognostic Value of Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Combined with CHA₂DS₂-VAS_c Score for Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation Induced Cardiogenic Cerebral Embolism

Figures & data

Table 1 Demography of Subject

Parameter	Non-CCE	CCE	χ^2	p
Subject numbers	317	236	–	–
Gender (Male)	194	142	6.01×10^−2	8.06×10^−1
Age (years)	71.82±12.45	73.51±9.70	–	8.29×10^−2
Smoking (yes/no)	58	43	5.06×10^−4	9.82×10^−1
HP (yes/no)	173	158	8.62	3.32×10^−3
DM (yes/no)	70	74	6.04	1.39×10^−2
CAD (yes/no)	121	82	0.68	4.23×10^−1
Vascular disease (yes/no)	37	39	2.69	1.01×10^−1
Heart failure (yes/no)	209	151	0.23	6.53×10^−1
Renal failure (yes/no)	54	34	0.69	4.03×10^−1
White blood count (×10^9/L)	8.05±3.27	8.23±3.74	–	5.62×10^−1
Red blood count (×10^9/L)	4.12±0.73	4.14±0.70	–	8.40×10^−1
Hemoglobin	125.18±24.72	125.95±21.09	–	7.01×10^−1
Lymphocyte count (×10^9 /L)	1.39±0.69	0.98±0.41	–	<10^−6
Platelet count (×10^9 /L)	162.28±53.32	175.90±49.48	–	2.28×10^−3
PLR	137.78±61.59	207.96±103.62	–	<10^−6
ALT (U/L)	24.76±33.58	22.94±28.44	–	5.00×10^−1
AST (U/L)	31.04±39.31	32.27±42.76	–	7.25×10^−1
Albumin (g/L)	36.49±5.09	35.52±4.23	–	1.81×10^−2
CR (mg/ dl)	79.85±20.43	89.22±45.06	–	1.11×10^−3
UA (μmol/L)	365.96±125.84	380.15±136.21	–	2.08×10^−1
D-dimer (ng/mL)	694.12±1421.77	1378.48±3240.21	–	8.56×10^−4
LAD (mm)	4.38±0.55	4.54±0.43	–	2.46×10^−4
EF (%)	59.32±5.08	57.73±3.06	–	2.20×10^−5
CHA2DS2-VASc	3.09±1.50	5.46±1.53	–	<10^−6
Anticoagulant	310	233		4.13×10^−1

Abbreviations: HP, hypertension; DM, diabetes; CAD, coronary heart disease; PLR, platelet to lymphocyte ratio; CR, creatinine; UA, uric acid; LAD, left atrial diameter; EF, ejection fraction; CCE, cardiogenic cerebral embolism.

Figure 1 Study design flowchart.

Table 2 Multiple Logistics Analysis Result of CCE in NVAF

Parameter	OR	95% CI	p
HP	3.95	2.12–7.35	1.40×10^−5
DM	2.95	1.57–5.58	7.65×10^−4
PLR	1.01	1.00–1.01	<10^−6
Albumin	1.04	0.99–1.10	1.40×10^−1
CR	1.01	1.00–1.02	7.44×10^−3
D-dimer	1.00	1.00–1.00	4.74×10^−1
LAD	1.90	1.13–3.19	1.51×10^−2
EF	0.93	0.87–0.98	8.06×10^−3
CHA2DS2-VASc	3.79	2.95–4.85	<10^−6

Abbreviations: HP, hypertension; DM, diabetes; PLR, platelet to lymphocyte ratio; CR, creatinine; LAD, left atrial diameter; EF, ejection fraction; CCE, cardiogenic cerebral embolism; NVAF, nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.

Figure 2 Independent risk factors for CCE in NVAF patients.

Figure 3 ROC curve analysis.

Figure 4 Spearman correlation analysis of PLR and CHA₂DS₂-VAS_c score.

Figure 5 LASSO model based on PLR and CHA₂DS₂-VAS_c score. (A) The coefficients of each variate in the model (1: PLR; 2: CHA₂DS₂-VAS_c score). (B) The mean-squared error of the model.

Figure 6 The association between PLR and CHA₂DS₂-VAS_c score in CCE patients and non-CCE patients. (A) The significant difference in the PLR between CCE patients and non-CCE patients. (B) The significant difference in the CHA₂DS₂-VAS_c score between CCE patients and non-CCE patients. (C) The significant difference in the PLR combined with CHA₂DS₂-VAS_c score between CCE patients and non-CCE patients.

Figure 7 The association between the risk score and different anticoagulants in CCE patients.