Figures & data
Figure 1 NF-κB activity of fermentation and enzymatic hydrolyzates of ESM in human PBMCs. Human PBMCs were incubated for 4 hours with either medium (untreated control), LPS, vitamin C + LPS, or each dilution of ESM hydrolyzate. Whole cell lysates were then analyzed for NF-κB activity after normalizing for protein content. Bars represent mean ± standard error of the mean; values are presented relative to untreated control.
Notes: *P<0.05 versus untreated control; #P<0.10 versus untreated control.
Abbreviations: NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells; ESM, egg shell membrane; PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; ESM-FH, ESM fermentation hydrolyzate; ESM-EH, ESM enzymatic hydrolyzate.
Figure 2 NF-κB activity of fermentation, enzymatic, and chemical hydrolyzates of ESM in the human THP-1 monocyte cell line. Human THP-1 monocytes were incubated for 4 hours with either medium (untreated control), LPS, or each dilution of ESM hydrolyzate. Whole cell lysates were then analyzed for NF-κB activity after normalizing for protein content. Bars represent mean ± standard error of the mean; values are presented relative to untreated control.
Note: *P<0.05 versus untreated control.
Abbreviations: NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells; ESM, egg shell membrane; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; ESM-FH, ESM fermentation hydrolyzate; ESM-EH, ESM enzymatic hydrolyzate; ESM-CH, ESM chemical hydrolyzate.
Figure 3 Effects of poly-B and LL on in vitro NF-κB activity in untreated and LPS-treated THP-1 monocytes. Human THP-1 monocytes were incubated for 4 hours with either medium (untreated control), LPS, poly-B, poly-B + LPS, or LL. Whole cell lysates were then analyzed for NF-κB activity after normalizing for protein content. Bars represent mean ± standard error of the mean; values are presented relative to LPS.
Note: Columns with differing letters are statistically (P<0.05) different.
Abbreviations: poly-B, polymyxin B; LL, lipoprotein lipase; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells; LPS, lipopolysaccharide.
Figure 4 NF-κB activity of a fermentation hydrolyzate of ESM in THP-1 monocytes with and without poly-B or LL. Human THP-1 monocytes were incubated for 4 hours with either poly-B + LPS, ESM-FH alone (1:10,000 dilution), ESM-FH + poly-B, or ESM-FH + LL. Whole cell lysates were then analyzed for NF-κB activity after normalizing for protein content. Bars represent mean ± standard error of the mean; values are presented relative to LPS.
Note: Columns with differing letters are statistically (P<0.05) different.
Abbreviations: NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells; ESM, egg shell membrane; poly-B, polymyxin B; LL, lipoprotein lipase; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; ESM-FH, ESM fermentation hydrolyzate.
