Trajectories of physical and mental health among persons with morbid obesity and persons with COPD: a longitudinal comparative study

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of the sample at baseline (N=103)

	Obesity (n=53)	COPD (n=50)	P	Effect size, d
	M (SD)	M (SD)
Sociodemographic variable
Age, M (SD)	44.8 (9.6)	65.4 (9.0)	<0.001	−2.21
Male sex, n (%)	14 (26.4)	31 (62.0)	<0.001
Education ≥12 years, n (%)	18 (34.0)	14 (28.0)	0.51
In paid work, n (%)	35 (66.0)	13 (26.0)	<0.001
Living in paired relationship, n (%)	37 (69.8)	35 (70.0)	0.98
Social environment
Social support (1–5), M (SD)	4.1 (0.9)	4.3 (0.8)	0.19	−0.23
HRQoL component scores (0–100)
Physical health, M (SD)	32.2 (13.5)	34.7 (11.0)	0.31	−0.20
Mental health, M (SD)	46.7 (11.7)	49.7 (10.3)	0.17	−0.27
HRQoL subdomains (0–100)
Physical functioning, M (SD)	39.6 (33.4)	36.5 (30.8)	0.62	0.10
Role physical, M (SD)	44.6 (35.0)	48.8 (27.1)	0.50	−0.13
Bodily pain, M (SD)	47.2 (34.2)	66.0 (31.0)	,0.01	−0.58
General health, M (SD)	31.9 (28.8)	38.2 (23.2)	0.23	−0.24
Vitality, M (SD)	24.1 (23.5)	34.0 (23.6)	0.03	−0.42
Social functioning, M (SD)	61.8 (32.0)	71.5 (29.9)	0.12	−0.31
Role emotional, M (SD)	71.9 (27.4)	73.8 (26.0)	0.73	−0.07
Mental health, M (SD)	63.2 (22.8)	69.0 (20.6)	0.18	−0.27
Treatment
Bariatric surgery, n (%)	40 (75.5)

Notes: Mean values (M), SDs, and probability of differences (P) between the two subsamples as investigated with an independent t-test and χ² test. Effect sizes are provided as Cohen’s d. Higher scores on social support and on HRQoL components and subdomains reflect higher levels.

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HRQoL, health-related quality of life.

Figure 1 Trajectories of physical health and mental health (HRQoL component scores).

Notes: Scores are for persons with morbid obesity (n=53, solid line) and for persons with COPD (n=50, dashed line), controlling for age, sex, and work status. Bars are lower and upper 95% CI. Score range is 0–100, where higher scores indicate higher HRQoL. Subsequent analyses showed that: a) participants with morbid obesity increased scores on PCS linearly; b) participants with COPD did not demonstrate a change pattern of PCS scores; and c) none of the illness groups demonstrated a change pattern of MCS scores. **P<0.01 and *P<0.05.
Abbreviations: HRQoL, health-related quality of life; CI, confidence interval; PCS, physical component summary; MCS, mental component summary.

Figure 2 Trajectories of the subdomains of HRQoL.

Notes: Scores are for persons with morbid obesity (n=53, solid line) and persons with COPD (n=50, dashed line), controlling for age, sex, and work status. Bars are lower and upper 95% CI. Score range is 0–100, where higher scores indicate higher HRQoL. Subsequent analyses showed that: a) participants with morbid obesity had linearly increasing scores in all HRQoL subdomains (physical functioning, role physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role emotional, and mental health); and b) participants with COPD had a cubic, fluctuating change pattern of the mental health subdomain scores. **P<0.01 and *P<0.05.
Abbreviations: HRQoL, health-related quality of life; CI, confidence interval.