The relationship between deliberate self-harm behavior, body dissatisfaction, and suicide in adolescents: current concepts

Figures & data

Table 1 Self-harm methods¹

Battery (self-hitting) Biting Drug overdose Hanging Jumping from high places (ie, buildings, bridges, others) Pinching Scratching Self-burning Self-cutting Self-poisoning Self-shooting Well jumping Others

Table 2 Prevalence studies in deliberate self-harm behavior

Author	Population	Country	Prevalence
De Leo^Citation5	3,754 adolescents	Australia	6.2%
Nixon^Citation10	14–21 years old	Canada	17% DSH; 83%: self-hitting cutting, scratching
Morey^Citation8	3,881 adolescents	Ireland	9.1%; 66%: self-cutting
Ystgaard^Citation9	4,060 adolescents	Norway	6.6% DSH; 74%: self-cutting
Matsumoto^Citation6	Teens	Japan	9.8%: self-cutting
Li^Citation4	Adolescents and adults	Taiwan	1% of all injuries; 80% self-cutting
Yates^Citation7	13–18 years old	USA	26%–37%: self-cutting

Table 3 Deliberate self-harm etiologic factors

Abuse Adverse life events Antidepressant medication Bullying and cyberbullying^Citation17 Depression Drug and alcohol use Family and peer conflict and dysfunctionality Impulsivity Low(ered) self-esteem and persistent sense of hopelessness Poverty Suicidality (ie, suicidal ideation, suicidal plans, suicidal attempt)

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