Assessment of nutritional status in older diabetic outpatients and related factors in Hanoi, Vietnam

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of participants (n=158)

Characteristics	Normal nutrition status (n=109) (69%)		Malnourished & risk of malnutrition (n=49) (31%)		Total		P-value
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Age					Mean	SD
					69.52	6.758
Gender
Male	47	43.1	13	26.5	60	38.0	0.047
Female	62	56.9	36	73.5	98	62.0
Age group
60–69	60	56.6	24	46.2	84	53.2	0.267
70–79	39	36.8	22	42.3	61	38.6
≥80	7	6.6	6	11.5	13	8.2
Living situation
City/province	103	94.5	44	89.8	147	93.0	0.283
Countryside	6	5.5	5	10.2	11	7.0
Education
Below high school	11	10.1	10	20.4	21	13.3	0.077
High school and higher	99	89.9	39	79.6	137	86.7
Body mass index (BMI)
Underweight	0	0.0	5	10.2	5	3.2
Normal	31	28.4	29	59.2	60	38.0	<0.001
Overweight	78	71.6	15	30.6	93	58.8
>3 hospitalization	2	1.8	3	6.1	5	3.2	0.154
Duration of diagnosed with diabetes
=<5 years	20	18.3	15	30.6	35	22.1	0.086
>5 years	89	81.6	34	68.4	123	77.9
Insulin treatment
Yes	57	52.3	19	38.8	76	48.1	0.116
No	52	47.7	30	61.2	82	51.9

Notes: Bold data indicate prevalence of malnourished and risk of malnutrition in females in comparision to males. Patients with overweight body mass index was higher than underweight when comparing proportion of malnourished and risk of malnutrition.

Table 2 Related factors to nutritional status in elderly patients (n=158)

Items	Normal nutrition status (n=109)		Malnourished & risk of malnutrition (n=49)		Total		P-value
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Exhaustion
Normal	95	89.6	36	69.2	131	82.9	<0.01
Exhausted	11	10.4	16	30.8	27	17.1
Cognitive impairment
No	79	72.5	23	46.9	102	64.6	0.002
Yes	30	27.5	26	53.1	56	35.4
Frail
No	106	97.2	39	79.6	145	91.8	<0.001
Yes	3	2.8	10	20.4	13	8.2
Polypharmacy
No	59	54.1	32	65.3	91	57.6	0.189
Yes	50	45.9	17	34.7	67	42.4
Having stress
No	83	75.2	32	65.3	114	72.2	0.198
Yes	27	24.8	17	34.7	44	27.8

Notes: Bold data indicate higher risk of exhaustion, cognitive impairment and frailty than normal nutrition status group.

Table 3 Univariable logistic regression between the risk of malnutrition and characteristic of the participant (n=158)

		OR	P-value	95% CI
Gender	Male	1	0.049	—
	Female	2.1		1.003–4.39
Age group	60–69	1		—
	70–79	1.48	0.285	0.72–3.03
	≥80	2.42	0.148	0.73–7.97
Low education	No	1	0.083	—
	Yes	0.48		0.17–1.11
Living situation	City/province	1		—
	Countryside	1.95	0.290	0.57–6.73
>3 Hospital admission	No	1		—
	Yes	3.49	0.179	0.56–21.58
Having stress	No	1		—
	Yes	1.61	0.200	0.78–3.35
Polypharmacy	No	1		—
	Yes	0.63	0.190	0.31–1.26
Cognitive impairment	No	1		—
	Yes	2.98	0.002	1.48–6.00
Frailty	No	1		—
	Yes	9.06	0.001	2.37–34.65

Notes: Bold data indicate higher risk of malnutrition than male and non-groups.

Table 4 Multivariable logistic regression between the risk of malnutrition and characteristics of the participant s (n=158)

		OR	95% CI
Gender	Male	ref	—
	Female	1.26	0.63–3.36
Age group	60–69	ref	—
	70–79	1.02	0.45–2.28
	≥80	0.82	0.19–3.66
Low education	No	ref	—
	Yes	0.59	0.21–1.70
>3 Hospitalization	No	ref	—
	Yes	2.26	0.25–20.16
Having stress	No	ref	—
	Yes	1.36	0.59–3.13
Polypharmacy	No	ref	—
	Yes	0.50	0.23–1.12
Cognitive impairment	No	ref	—
	Yes	2.21*	1.01–4.84
Frailty	No	ref	—
	Yes	8.45*	1.91–37.39

Notes: *P<0.05. Bold data indicate higher risk of malnutrition than non-groups.