Indicators of Abnormal Hand Grip Strength Among Older Egyptian Adults

Figures & data

Table 1 Relation Between Sex and Hand Grip Strength

Sex			Hand Grip Strength			Total
			Normal		Abnormal
Female
	Count		52		65	117
	%		50.0%		67.7%	58.5%
Male
	Count		52		31	83
	%		50.0%		32.3%	41.5%
Total
	Count		104		96	200
	%		100.0%		100.0%	100.0%
Chi-Square Tests
		Value			p
Pearson chi-square		6.448^a			0.011

Notes: ^ais written here just to honestly refer to the presence of cells of SPSS (the statistical program used in the current study) with expected value less than 5% but the statistical significance is determined according to p value.

Table 2 Comparison Between Subjects with Normal and Abnormal Hand Grip Strength Regarding Weight, Height, and Body Mass Index

	Grip St.	N	Mean	SD	t	P	Sig.
Weight in kg
	Normal	104	81.65	12.491
	Abnormal	96	77.25	13.754	2.364	0.019	S
Height in cm
	Normal	104	166.95	8.742
	Abnormal	96	158.97	9.396	6.207	0.000	HS
Body Mass Index
	Normal	104	30.27981	5.647327
	Abnormal	96	31.67083	8.032564	−1.406	0.162	Not sig

Abbreviations: Grip st., Grip strength; N, Number; SD, Standard deviation; t, Student’s t-test; P, P-value; Sig., Significance.

Table 3 Model 6

Item	Reg. Coef.	t	P	Sig.	F-Ratio	P	Sig.
(Constant)	3.157	6.267	0	HS
Height in cm	−0.014	−4.347	0	HS
General health	−0.009	−6.288	0	HS	42.917	0	HS

Abbreviations: Reg. coef., Regression coefficient; Sig., Significance; HS, Highly significant.

Table 4 Diagnostic Validity Test for Hand Grip Strength Indicators

Indicators	TN	FP	TP	FN	%Sp	%Sn	%PN	%PP	%Eff
	76	28	58	38	73.1	60.4	66.7	67.4	67.0
General health: 25
	91	13	51	45	87.5	53.1	66.9	79.7	71.0
Multi-ROC: gen. health 25 & height 178
	91	13	96	0	87.5	100.0	100.0	88.1	93.5

Abbreviations: TN, True negative; FP, False positive; TP, True positive; FN, False negative; Sp, Specificity; Sn, Sensitivity; PN, Negative predictive value; PP, Positive predictive value; Eff, Diagnostic effectiveness.

Figure 1 ROC curve analysis shows the diagnostic performance of height, general health and the two variables combined in discriminating between patients with abnormal and normal grip strength.