HIV Positive Status Disclosure and Its Associated Factors Among Children on Antiretroviral Therapy in West Shoa Zone, Western Ethiopia, 2019: A Mixed Method Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Sample Size Calculation Using Different Works of Literature as a Baseline for Study on HIV Status Disclosure and Associated Factors Among Children on ART in West Shoa Zone, Ethiopia

Place of the Study	% Outcome Among Exposed	% Outcome Among Non-Exposed	Sample Size	Ref.
Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Ethiopia	29.2%	42.3%	442	[^Citation20]
Hospitals in Addis Ababa	13%	73.8%	24	[^Citation17]

Table 2 The Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the Children on ART and Their Caregivers in West Shoa Zone, Ethiopia, 2019

Variables	Frequency (%)
Child age
6–9	62 (26.3)
10–15	174 (73.7)
Child sex
Male	125 (53.0)
Female	111 (47.0)
Educational status
Not started education	12 (5.1)
Kindergarten	17 (7.2)
Elementary	139 (58.9)
Junior primary	68 (28.8)
Birth order
First	83 (35.2)
Second	63 (26.7)
Third	47 (19.9)
Fourth	18 (7.6)
Fifth	25 (10.6)
Residency
Urban	141 (59.7)
Rural	95 (40.3)
Child-care giver relationship
Father	46 (19.5)
Mother	135 (57.2)
Siblings	14 (5.9)
Other (grandmother/father)	18 (7.6)
Is child orphan
Yes	38 (16.1)
No	198 (83.9)
Caregivers education
Has no formal education	71 (30.1)
Elementary (1–4)	32 (13.6)
Junior Elementary (5–8)	48 (20.3)
High school and above	54 (22.9)

Table 3 Child and Caregivers’ HIV and ART Status and Related Matters in West Shoa Zone, Ethiopia, 2019

Variables	Frequency (%)
Disclosure status
Disclosed	103 (43.6)
Not disclosed	134 (56.8)
Who do you think should disclose the child HIV status
Caregivers	77 (36.0)
Joint of caregivers and health professional	97 (45.3)
Health professional	40 (18.7)
Do you think disclosure is important
Yes	150 (70.1)
No	64 (29.9)
WHO disease stage
1	82 (34.9)
2	42 (17.9)
3	103 (43.8)
4	8 (3.4)
Who made the disclosure
Mother	25 (24.0)
Father	14 (13.5)
Other family members	8 (7.7)
Health professional	33 (31.7)
Heard from friends	3 (2.9)
Joint disclosure	21 (20.2)

Table 4 Binary and Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis results on Factors Associated with HIV Status Disclosure Among 6–15 Years Old Children in West Shoa Zone, Oromia, 2019

Variables	Disclosure Status					Crude OR with 95% CI	Adjusted OR with 95% CI	p-value
	Disclosed		Not Disclosed
Child age
6–9	1		61			0.01 (0.002, 0.085)	0.027 (0.003,0.22)	P<.001
10–15	102		72			Ref
Child sex
Male	42		83			Ref
Female	60		51			2.4 (1.42, 4.1)	2.73 (1.24, 6)	0.013
Educational status
Not started	2		27			Ref
Elementary	47		92			6.8 (1.5, 30)	1.58 (0.22, 10.9)	0.64
Junior primary	54		14			52 (11, 245)	13.2 (1.6, 109)	0.02
Birth order
First	37		46			0.87 (0.35, 2.13)	0.482 (0.13, 1.81)	0.280
Second	27		36			0.86 (0.34, 2.19)	0.747 (0.179, 0.11)	0.688
Third	21		26			0.87 (0.33, 2.31)	0.756 (0.17, 3.31)	0.710
Fourth	5		13			0.42 (0.11, 1.5)	0.323 (0.05, 1.99)	0.224
Fifth	12		13			Ref
Residency
Urban	68		73			0.63 (0.37, 1.1)	1.43 (0.61,3.35)	0.41
Rural	34		61			Ref
Is the child orphan
Yes	17		21			1.05 (0.52, 2.12)	1.55 (0.53, 4.52)	0.42
No	85		113			Ref
Caregivers education 41
No formal education	30		41			Ref
Elementary (1–4)	10		22			0.62 (0.25, 1.5)	0.40 (0.118, 1.38)	0.148
(5–8)	28		20			1.9 (0.91, 4)	1.78 (0.63, 5)	0.275
≥ High school	14		40			0.48 (0.22, 1)	0.23 (0.07, 0.7)	0.010

Silenat B, Woldaregay EA, Markos A, Workeabeba AT, Mulugeta B. Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy and associated factors among HIV infected children in Ethiopia: unannounced home-based pill count versus caregivers’ report. BMC Pediatr. 2013;13:132. doi:10.1186/1471-2431-13-132

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Tadesse BT, Foster BA, Berhan Y. Cross-sectional characterization of factors associated with pediatric HIV status disclosure in Southern Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2015;10(7):e0132691. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0132691

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