Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes Among COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients with Chronic Conditions: A Retrospective Single-Center Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics, Outcomes and Treatment of 458 Patients Infected with COVID-19 Stratified by Number of Chronic Conditions

Characteristics	Total Patients (N=458)	Patients without Chronic Conditions (N=38)	Patients with One Chronic Condition (N=324)	Patients with ≥2 Chronic Conditions (N=96)	P value
Age, mean (SD), years	38.82(12.86)	37.52 (13.21)	37.71 (11.99)	43.11 (14.67)	<0.001
Age, years, n (%)					0.002
< 20	12 (2.62)	2 (5.26)	9 (2.78)	1 (1.04)
20–39	272 (59.39)	25 (65.79)	207 (63.89)	40 (41.67)
40–59	140 (30.57)	9 (23.68)	87 (26.85)	44 (45.83)
> 60	34 (7.42)	2 (5.26)	21 (6.48)	11 (11.46)
Gender, n (%)					0.178
Female	60 (13.1)	8 (21.05)	37 (11.42)	15 (15.63)
Male	398 (86.9)	30 (78.95)	287 (88.58)	81 (84.38)
Nationality, n (%)					0.002
Non-Saudi	368 (80.35)	29 (76.32)	273 (84.26)	66 (68.75)
Saudi	90 (19.65)	9 (23.68)	51 (15.74)	30 (31.25)
Smoker, n (%)					0.015
No	84 (85.71)	16 (100)	49 (89.09)	19 (70.37)
Yes	14 (14.29)	0 (0)	6 (10.91)	8 (29.63)
Any symptoms, n (%)					0.487
No	50 (11.01)	6 (15.79)	32 (10)	12 (12.5)
Yes	404 (88.99)	32 (84.21)	288 (90)	84 (87.5)
Outcomes
Length of hospital stay, days, mean (SD)	6.57 (6.31)	4.68 (4.21)	5.38 (4.96)	11.36 (8.45)	<0.001
Time in ICU, days, mean (SD)	9.21 (5.19)	0 (0)	0.05 (0.94)	4.33 (5.74)	<0.001
ICU admission, n (%)	47 (10.26)	0 (0)	1 (0.31)	46 (47.92)	<0.001
Mechanical ventilation, n (%)	43 (9.43)	2 (5.26)	3 (0.93)	38 (39.58)	<0.001
Discharged, n (%)	456 (99.56)	179 (98.9)	203 (100)	74 (100)	0.453
Died, n (%)	2 (0.44)	2 (1.1)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.453
Treatment
Antimalaria, n (%)	92 (37.4)	6 (28.57)	61 (40.4)	25 (33.78)	0.429
Antiviral therapy, n (%)	10 (4.07)	0 (0)	5 (3.31)	5 (6.76)	0.288
Antibacterial, n (%)	153 (62.2)	11 (52.38)	96 (63.58)	46 (62.16)	0.611
Antithrombotic therapy, n (%)	91 (36.99)	9 (42.86)	54 (35.76)	28 (37.84)	0.806

Table 2 Clinical Signs and Symptoms of 458 Patients Infected with COVID-19 Stratified by Number of Chronic Conditions

Signs and Symptoms	Total Patients (N=458)	Patients without Chronic Conditions (N=38)	Patients with One Chronic Condition (N=324)	Patients with ≥2 Chronic Conditions (N=60)	P value
Fever, n (%)	324 (70.74)	24 (63.16)	232 (71.6)	68 (70.83)	0.5563
Dry cough, n (%)	277 (60.48)	19 (50)	192 (59.26)	66 (68.75)	0.0956
Dyspnea, n (%)	128 (27.95)	12 (31.58)	74 (22.84)	42 (43.75)	0.0003
Sore throat, n (%)	62 (13.54)	8 (21.05)	45 (13.89)	9 (9.38)	0.1931
Diarrhea, n (%)	44 (9.61)	3 (7.89)	29 (8.95)	12 (12.5)	0.5449
Fatigue, n (%)	29 (6.33)	4 (10.53)	17 (5.25)	8 (8.33)	0.2984
Vomiting, n (%)	23 (5.02)	2 (5.26)	14 (4.32)	7 (7.29)	0.5028
Runny nose, n (%)	17 (3.71)	2 (5.26)	10 (3.09)	5 (5.21)	0.5455
Chest pain, n (%)	14 (3.06)	3 (7.89)	9 (2.78)	2 (2.08)	0.1833
Abdominal pain, n (%)	11 (2.4)	1 (2.63)	8 (2.47)	2 (2.08)	0.9722
Myalgia, n (%)	7 (1.53)	0 (0)	5 (1.54)	2 (2.08)	0.6748
Nausea, n (%)	7 (1.53)	0 (0)	6 (1.85)	1 (1.04)	0.6169
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg, n (%)					0.0053
<100	15 (3.6)	2 (5.41)	6 (2.03)	7 (8.33)
100–119	171 (41.01)	13 (35.14)	120 (40.54)	38 (45.24)
120–140	180 (43.17)	18 (48.65)	139 (46.96)	23 (27.38)
> 140	51 (12.23)	4 (10.81)	31 (10.47)	16 (19.05)
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg, n (%)					0.6357
< 80	291 (69.78)	22 (59.46)	207 (69.93)	62 (73.81)
80–89	86 (20.62)	11 (29.73)	59 (19.93)	16 (19.05)
90–100	34 (8.15)	3 (8.11)	25 (8.45)	6 (7.14)
> 100	6 (1.44)	1 (2.7)	5 (1.69)	0 (0)
Body Temperature, °C, mean (SD)	37.28 (0.78)	37.42 (0.87)	37.27 (0.77)	37.24 (0.75)	0.672
Heart rate, beats per minute (BPM), mean (SD)	88.72 (15.45)	94.23 (16.44)	88.26 (14.89)	88.23 (16.51)	0.453
Respiratory rate, breaths per minute (BPM), mean (SD)	19.63 (2.98)	19.65 (2.52)	19.07 (1.75)	21.61 (5.11)	<0.001
White blood cell count (WBC), x 10^9/L, mean (SD)	6.83 (2.94)	6.54 (2.37)	6.52 (2.42)	7.76 (4.10)	0.161
Platelet count (PLT), x 10^9/L, mean (SD)	243.13 (88.33)	259.48 (95.43)	233.27 (80.22)	264.46 (102.33)	0.026
Hemoglobin (Hgb), g/dl, mean (SD)	146.45 (17.84)	147.58 (14.14)	152.12 (14.77)	130.86 (17.24)	<0.001
International Normalized Ratio (INR), mean (SD)	1.02 (0.11)	1.01 (0.07)	1.01 (0.11)	1.04 (0.11)	0.067
Creatinine, μmol/L, mean (SD)	78.71 (16.05)	89.96 (10.81)	83.01 (14.71)	88.03 (14.22)	0.672
Sodium (Na), mmol/L, mean (SD)	137.51 (3.26)	137.16 (3.57)	137.60 (2.72)	137.40 (4.33)	0.358
Chloride (Cl), mmol/L, mean (SD)	103.53 (3.96)	102.80 (5.02)	103.56 (3.58)	103.67 (4.54)	0.931

Figure 1 Percentages of COVID-19 patients with chronic conditions.