Predictors of Non-Adherence to Public Health Instructions During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Figures & data

Table 1 Categorical Characteristics of the Sample

Categorical Characteristics	Freq (%)	95% CI
Gender
Male	1057 (55.3)	53.0–57.5
Female	856 (44.7)	42.5–47.0
Marital status
Never married	640 (33.5)	38.6–43.1
Married	1132 (59.3)	56.9–61.4
Others	141 (7.4)	6.2–8.6
Age, mean±SD	34.1±14.9
<25 years	656 (34.3)	32.2–36.5
25–45 years	842 (44.0)	41.8–46.3
˃45 years	415 (21.7)	19.9–23.6
Education level
Never studied	153 (8.0)	6.8–9.3
Primary	414 (21.6)	19.8–23.6
Secondary	1015 (53.1)	50.8–55.3
University	331 (17.3)	15.6–19.1
City of residence
Kamina (Haut-Lomami province)	936 (48.9)	46.7–51.2
Mbuji-Mayi (Kasai oriental province)	977 (51.1)	48.8–53.3
Current employment status
Employed	1502 (78.5)	76.6–80.3
Unemployed	411 (21.5)	19.7–23.4
Gender of head of household
Male	1637 (85.6)	83.9–87.1
Female	276(14.4)	12.9–16.1
Religious
Yes	1675 (87.6)	86.0–89.0
No	238 (12.4)	11.0–14.0
Exposure to media
Yes	1772 (92.6)	91.3–93.7
No	141 (7.4)	6.3–8.7
Heard about novel coronavirus
Yes	1897 (99.2)	98.6–99.5
No	16 (0.8)	0.5–1.4
Attended lectures/discussions about COVID-19
Yes	204 (10.7)	10.1–11.3
No	1709 (89.3)	89.1–89.5
Are you satisfied with the measures taken by the Ministry of Health
Yes	1431 (74.8)	72.9–76.7
No	482 (25.2)	23.3–27.1
Adherence to public health instructions for COVID-19
≤4	700 (36.6)	34.7–38.8
˃4	1213 (63.4)	61.2–65.6

Table 2 Non-Adherence to the Instructions for the COVID-19 Pandemic by a Range of Categorical Characteristics of Participants

Categorical Characteristics of Participants	N (%)	OR (95% CI)
Gender
Male	341 (32.3)	Ref
Female	359 (41.9)	1.52 (1.26–1.83)
Marital status
Never married and others	298 (38.2)	1.12 (0.93–1.35)
Married	402 (35.5)	Ref
Age
˂25	268 (40.9)	1.32 (1.09–1.60)
≥25	432 (34.4)	Ref
Education level
Never studied and primary	277 (48.9)	2.08 (1.70–2.55)
Secondary and University	423 (31.4)	Ref
City of residence
Kamina (Haut-Lomami province)	419 (44.8)	2.01 (1.66–2.43)
Mbuji-Mayi (Kasai oriental province)	281 (28.8)	Ref
Current employment status
Unemployed	175 (42.6)	1.38 (1.10–1.72)
Employed	525 (35.0)	Ref
Gender of head of household
Male	559 (34.1)	Ref
Female	141 (51.1)	2.01 (1.56–2.61)
Religious
Yes	620 (37.0)	Ref
No	80 (33.6)	0.86 (0.65–1.15)
Exposure to media
Yes	626 (35.3)	Ref
No	74 (52.5)	2.02 (1.43–2.85)
Heard about Novel coronavirus
Yes	688 (36.3)	Ref
No	12 (75.0)	5.27 (1.69–16.41)
Attended lectures/discussions about COVID-19
Yes	37 (18.1)	Ref
No	663 (38.8)	2.86 (1.98–4.14])
Are you satisfied with the measures taken by the Ministry of Health
Yes	430 (30.0)	Ref
No	270 (56.0)	2.97 (2.40–3.67)
Regularly informed about the pandemic
Yes	384 (29.3)	Ref
No	316 (52.5)	2.67 (2.19–3.26)
Level of knowledge
Good	363 (27.7)	Ref
Bad	337 (55.9)	3.31 (2.70–4.08)

Table 3 Factors of Non-Adherence to the Instructions of the Ministry of Health for the COVID-19 Pandemic by Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis

Factors of Non-Adherence	B	SE	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P
Education level (Never studied and primary vs secondary & University)	0.49	0.11	1.63 (1.31–2.03)	0.000
City of residence (Kamina vs Mbuji-Mayi)	0.49	0.11	1.63 (1.31–2.03)	0.000
Current employment status (Unemployed vs Employed)	0.26	0.13	1.29 (1.01–1.67)	0.041
Gender of head of household (female vs male)	0.43	0.14	1.53 (1.16–2.03)	0.003
Attended lectures/discussions about COVID-19 (No vs yes)	0.48	0.20	1.61 (1.08–2.40)	0.018
Level knowledge (Bad vs good)	0.86	0.11	2.36 (1.90–2.93)	0.000
Regularly informed about the pandemic (No vs yes)	0.81	0.11	2.25 (1.80–2.81)	0.000
Are you satisfied with the measures taken by the Ministry of Health (No vs yes)	0.81	0.12	2.26 (1.78–2.87)	0.000
Constant	−2.32	0.21		0.000

Figure 1 ROC curve of factors of non-adherence to the instructions of the Ministry of Health for the COVID-19 pandemic.