Health research barriers in the faculties of two medical institutions in India

Figures & data

Table 1 Distribution of faculty member in AIIMS and UCMS and GTB hospital by age groups (n = 456)

Place of work	Age groups				Total (%)
	<40 years (%)	41–50 years (%)	51–60 years (%)	>61 years (%)
UCMS	52 (33.5%)	42 (27.1%)	52 (33.5%)	9 (5.8%)	155 (100.0%)
AIIMS	100 (33.2%)	121 (40.2%)	72 (23.9%)	8 (2.7%)	301 (100.0%)
Total	152 (33.3%)	163 (35.7%)	124 (27.2%)	17 (3.7%)	456 (100.0%)

Notes: χ² = 11.13; P = 0.01; df = 3.

Table 2 Distribution of years of experience as a faculty member and place of work (n = 448)

Years of experience as faculty member	Place of work		Total (%)
	UCMS (%)	AIIMS (%)
<5 years	30 (19.9%)	25 (8.4%)	55 (12.3%)
5–9 years	18 (11.9%)	67 (22.6%)	85 (19.0%)
10–14 years	17 (11.3%)	56 (18.9%)	73 (16.3%)
15–19 years	12 (7.9%)	53 (17.8%)	65 (14.5%)
20–24 years	27 (17.9%)	36 (12.1%)	63 (14.1%)
>25 years	47 (31.1%)	60 (20.2%)	107 (23.9%)
Total	151 (100.0%)	297 (100.0%)	448 (100.0%)

Notes: χ² = 34.33; P = 0.01; df = 5.

Table 3 Distribution of academic rank and place of work (n = 453)

Place of work	Academic rank					Total (%)
	Professor (%)	Additional professor (%)	Associate professor/reader (%)	Assistant professor/lecturer (%)	Any others (%)
UCMS	81 (52.6%)	1 (.6%)	19 (12.3%)	40 (26.0%)	13 (8.4%)	154 (100.0%)
AIIMS	86 (28.8%)	35 (11.7%)	71 (23.7%)	106 (35.5%)	1 (.3%)	299 (100.0%)
Total	167 (36.9%)	36 (7.9%)	90 (19.9%)	146 (32.2%)	14 (3.1%)	453 (100.0%)

Notes: χ ² = 62.41; P = 0.01; df = 4.

Table 4 Distribution of primary activity and place of work (n = 455)

Place of work	Primary activity			Total (%)
	Research (%)	Teaching (%)	Providing of health care services (%)
UCMS	3 (1.9%)	78 (50.6%)	73 (47.4%)	154 (100.0%)
AIIMS	24 (8.0%)	84 (27.9%)	193 (64.1%)	301 (100.0%)
Total	27 (5.9%)	162 (35.6%)	266 (58.5%)	455 (100.0%)

Notes: χ ² = 25.90; P = 0.01; df = 2.

Table 5 Distribution of faculty members according to the number of papers published in International Journals and place of work

Place of work	Number and percentage of papers published in International Journals					Total (%)
	1–5	6–10	11–15	16–20	>20
UCMS	69 (58%)	27 (22.70%)	12 (10.10%)	7 (5.90%)	4 (3.40%)	119 (100%)
AIIMS	97 (39.30%)	52 (21.10%)	20 (8.10%)	23 (9.30%)	55 (22.30%)	247 (100%)
Total	166 (45.35%)	79 (21.58%)	32 (8.74%)	30 (8.19%)	59 (16.12%)	366 (100%)

Notes: χ ² = 55.90; P = 0.01; df = 4.

Table 6 Personal barrier and facilitator factors

Personal barrier and facilitator factors	AIIMS	UCMS
Skill in doing research	Facilitator	Facilitator
Knowledge of research methodology	Facilitator	Facilitator
Familiarity with statistical methodologies	Barrier	Barrier
Interest in research	Facilitator	Facilitator
Deciding on thrust areas for research	Facilitator	Facilitator
Ability to identify duration of research study	Facilitator	Facilitator
Training and experience in data analysis	Barrier	Barrier
Capacity to develop independent research programs (eg, protocol development)	Facilitator	Facilitator
Grant-writing experience and knowledge of the grant application process	Facilitator	Barrier
The ability to find collaborators at the investigator’s home institution with interest in the proposed research area	Facilitator	Barrier
Knowledge avenues for funding research	Facilitator	Barrier
Language that covers the spectrum of communication skills including translation of research papers in languages other than English	Barrier	Barrier
Skills to evaluate other research reports	Facilitator	Facilitator
Moral support during research	Barrier	Barrier
Trust in the findings	Facilitator	Barrier
Support and attitudes from colleagues	Barrier	Barrier

Table 7 Resources barrier and facilitator factors

Resources barrier and facilitator factors	AIIMS	UCMS
Access to good statistical software packages	Barrier	Barrier
Consultative powers pertaining to the research	Barrier	Barrier
Budget for the research in the institution	Barrier	Barrier
Motivation in the research scholars/the persons related to research work	Facilitator	Barrier
Availability of funds to travel to meetings and training programs	Barrier	Barrier
Internal and external financial support to fund research proposals in the country and your institution in particular	Barrier	Barrier
Training programs to encourage researchers in your institution	Barrier	Barrier
First time hands-on assistance about how to apply for funding	Barrier	Barrier
Competition for limited supply of money	Facilitator	Barrier
Appropriate staff at institutions to implement grants	Barrier	Barrier
Support and/or commitment from the researcher’s home department	Facilitator	Barrier

Table 8 Access barrier and facilitator factors

Access barrier and facilitator factors	AIIMS	UCMS
Access to good quality relevant biomedical journals	Facilitator	Barrier
Accessibility to the related sources like internet	Facilitator	Facilitator
Accessibility to consultative powers like networks and consortiums pertaining to the research	Barrier	Barrier
Accessibility to the research samples	Facilitator	Barrier
Access to grant-writing workshops	Barrier	Barrier
Available colleagues knowledgeable in a particular area and willing to critique the application prior to submitting in order to provide feedback	Barrier	Barrier
Access to literature	Facilitator	Barrier
Access to resources	Facilitator	Barrier

Table 9 Administrative barrier and facilitator factors

Administrative barrier and facilitator factors	AIIMS	UCMS
Co-operation from the executive and administrative organization and units	Barrier	Barrier
Provisions related to administrative efforts specifically in executing research, in the institution	Barrier	Barrier
A research culture in medical and health institutions generally and your institution in particular	Barrier	Barrier
Communication gap between the medical and health institutes (eg, scientific research administration and researchers)	Barrier	Barrier
Fear of an unfair evaluation of study section by institution	Barrier	Barrier
Equitable release time from teaching responsibilities	Barrier	Barrier
Organizational support	Barrier	Barrier
Space to seat research staff	Barrier	Barrier
Space to keep equipment	Facilitator	Barrier
Difficulty in maintaining equipment because of administrative procedure	Barrier	Barrier
Too long process for financial settlements	Barrier	Barrier
Freedom to principal investigator for decision-making	Facilitator	Barrier

Table 10 Significant variables (P < 0.05) of determinants for all barrier and facilitator factors on multivariate analysis

Dependent variable	Independent variables	P value	OR	95% CI
				Lower	Upper
All barrier and facilitator factors	Place of work	0.01	6.57	3.48	12.40
	Age groups	0.02	1.36	1.07	1.73
	Papers in CME/workshops	0.05	1.24	1.01	1.54
	Years of experience as a faculty member	0.04	1.14	1.01	1.29
	Primary activity	0.01	0.58	0.41	0.81
	Scientific and industrial research laboratories	0.01	0.54	0.39	0.75
	Laboratories under atomic energy board	0.01	0.53	0.35	0.78
	Biomedical laboratories under department of science and technology	0.01	0.52	0.37	0.71
	Biomedical laboratories under department of biotechnology	0.01	0.49	0.35	0.68