Quality of Life and Associated Factors Among Patients with Epilepsy Attending Outpatient Department of Saint Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic Characteristics of Patients with Epilepsy on Follow-up at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019 (N=439)

Variables	Categories	Frequency	Percentage
Age (mean ±SD)	34.62±10.37
Sex	Male	284	64.7
	Female	155	35.3
Religion	Orthodox	273	62.2
	Muslim	101	23
	Protestant	53	12.1
	Others^a	12	2.7
Ethnicity	Amhara	146	33.3
	Oromo	134	30.5
	Tigre	20	4.6
	Gurage	116	26.4
	Others^b	23	5.2
Marital status	Single	231	52.6
	Married	163	37.1
	Divorced/widowed	45	10.3
Educational status	No formal education	94	21.4
	Primary	126	28.7
	Secondary	129	29.4
	Tertiary and above	90	20.5
Occupational status	Employed	114	25.9
	Private business	122	27.8
	Unemployed	182	41.5
	Others^c	21	4.8

Notes: ^aCatholic, Wakefeta, Hawariyat. ^bHadia, Wolayta, Gamo, Afar. ^cHousewife, student.

Table 2 Description of Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Epilepsy at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019 (N=439)

Variables	Category	Frequency	Percentage/Mean
Age of onset (mean ±SD)			19.73±10.42
Medication adherence (mean ±SD)			16.37±3.76
Side effect of AED (mean ±SD)			36.67±9.47
Duration of illness	≤5 years	75	17
	6–10 years	92	21
	≥11 years	272	62
Presence of seizure per month	Absence	274	62.4
	Present	165	37.6
Drug therapy	Monotherapy	307	69.9
	Polytherapy	132	30.1
Depression	Yes	158	36
	No	281	64
Anxiety	Yes	155	35.3
	No	284	64.7
Comorbid medical diagnosis^a	Yes	55	12.5
	No	384	87.5

Notes: ^aDiabetes mellitus, HIV/AIDS, hypertension and congestive heart failure.

Table 3 Description of Psychosocial and Substance Related Characteristics of Respondents Among Patients with Epilepsy at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019 (N=439)

Variables	Categories	Frequency	Percentage
Social support	Poor	203	46.2
	Moderate	120	27.4
	Strong	116	26.4
Perceived stigma	Stigmatized	227	51.7
	Nonstigmatized	212	48.3

Figure 1 Percentage of current substance user among patients with epilepsy at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019 (N=439).

Table 4 Quality of Life Among Patients with Epilepsy at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019 (N=439)

Domain	Mean ±SD	Percent of Participants Scored Below the Mean	95%CI
Physical	61.8±15.3	51.5%	(60.40, 63.28)
Psychological	60.1±12.8	50.1%	(58.95, 61.35)
Social	60.8±15.9	54.2%	(59.30, 62.29)
Environmental	57.7±14.7	50.1%	(56.40, 59.17)
Overall	60.1±11.6	51.7%	(59.05, 61.23)

Table 5 Multiple Linear Regression of Quality of Life Among Patients with Epilepsy Attending at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019

Variable		Crude β (95%CI)	Adjusted β (95%CI)
Married		Ref	Ref
Single		−2.03 (−4.20, 0.14)	−0.12 (−0.96, 0.72)
Divorced/widowed		0.17 (−3.41, 3.77)	0.21 (−1.09, 1.52)
Duration <5 years		Ref	Ref
Duration 5–10 years		1.39 (−1.28, 4.06)	−0.48 (−1.68, 0.71)
Duration ≥11 years		−1.50 (−3.74, 0.73)	−0.71 (−1.76, 0.33)
No formal education		−5.22 (−7.84, −2.61)	0.22 (−1.10, 1.55)
Primary		−0.36 (−2.77, 2.04)	0.08 (−1.21, 1.05)
Secondary		1.38 −1.00, 3.77)	−0.16 (−1.26, 0.95)
Tertiary and above		Ref	Ref
Employed		Ref	Ref
Private business		4.67 (2.27, 7.06)	0.80 (−0.23, 1.85)
Unemployed		−5.89 (−8.03, −3.75)	−0.42 (−1.46, 0.62)
Others		2.01 (−3.09, 7.12)	0.39 (−1.45, 2.25)
Side effect of AED		−0.91 (−0.99, −0.84)	−0.32 (−0.38, −0.26)*
AED adherence		2.60 (2.45, 2.76)	1.24 (1.10, 1.30)*
Drug therapy	One	Ref	Ref
	≥2	−1.87 (−4.24, 0.50)	−0.19 (−1.04, 0.64)
Presence of seizure per month	Yes	−17.88 (−19.38, −16.38)	−3.16 (−4.27, −2.04)*
	No	Ref	Ref
Perceived stigma	Yes	−6.16 (−7.67, −4.65)	−2.13 (−2.96, −1.30)*
	No	Ref	Ref
Comorbid medical illness	Yes	−4.73 (−7.99, −1.46)	0.31 (−0.81, 1.44)
	No	Ref	Ref
Depression	Yes	−16.71 (−18.35, −15.07)	−3.59 (−4.67, −2.52)**
	No	Ref	Ref
Anxiety	Yes	−15.80 (−17.53, −14.06)	−1.91 (−2.95, −0.86)*
	No	Ref	Ref
Social support	Poor	−14.53 (−16.24, −12.82)	−2.51 (−3.62, −1.40)*
	Moderate	7.09(4.73, 9.44)	−1.60 (−2.58, −0.62)**
	Strong	Ref	Ref

Notes: *p<0.001, **p<0.01. Ref, reference, adjusted R²,0.89.