The Applicability of the Modified Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) on the Sustainable Adoption of eHealth Systems in Resource-Limited Settings

Figures & data

Figure 1 The original model (the black lines), and the modification proposed in this study (the Blue lines).

Table 1 Evaluation of Reliability Measurement

Variables	Items	SD	CR	AVE	Cα
Perceived usefulness	PU1	0.82	0.84	0.72	0.87
	PU2	0.79
	PU3	0.78
	PU4	0.81
Perceived ease of use	PEU1	0.82	0.78	0.64	0.88
	PEU2	0.86
	PEU3	0.81
	PEU4	0.83
IT experience	ITE1	0.75	0.87	0.86	0.80
	ITE2	0.78
	ITE3	0.78
Technical infrastructure	TI1	0.83	0.80	0.67	0.90
	TI2	0.85
	TI3	0.86
	TI4	0.83
Attitude towards e-health	ATT1	0.81	0.75	0.61	0.87
	ATT2	0.82
	ATT3	0.80
	ATT4	0.77
Intention to use e-health	BI1	0.82	0.84	0.72	0.89
	BI2	0.80
	BI3	0.78
	BI4	0.79
	BI5	0.80

Abbreviations: SD, standard loading; CR, composite reliability; Cα, Cronbach’s of alpha α; AVE, average variance extracted; PU, perceived usefulness; PEU, perceived ease of use; ITE, IT experience; TI, technical infrastructure; ATT, attitude; BI, behavioral intention.

Table 2 Sociodemographic Characteristics of Healthcare Providers in Amhara Regional State Referral Hospitals, Ethiopia (n=384)

Sociodemographic Characteristics	Frequency	Percent (%)
Gender
Female	140	36.5
Male	244	63.5
Age
< 30	226	58.9
30–40	126	32.8
> 40	32	8.3
Work experience
≤5	212	55.2
6–10	82	21.4
10–15	57	14.8
>15	33	8.6
Profession
Physicians	48	12.5
Nurses	206	53.6
Pharmacist	59	15.4
Lab technologist	39	10.2
Others*	32	8.3
IT course
No IT course	79	20.6
Basic course	214	55.7
Advanced training	91	23.7

Note: *Physiotherapist, Anesthetists.

Abbreviation: IT, information technology.

Table 3 Results of Structural Equation Modeling in AMOS with the Path Coefficients for All of the Nine Hypotheses

Path	β	t-Statistics	Supported?
Perceived usefulness → Attitude towards e-health (H1)	0.298	4.77**	Yes
Perceived usefulness → Intention to use e-health (H2)	0.387	3.54**	Yes
Perceived ease of use → Perceived usefulness (H3)	0.385	3.11*	Yes
Perceived ease of use → Attitude towards e-health (H4)	0.347	3.91**	Yes
Perceived ease of use → Intention to use e-health (H5)	0.339	2.68*	Yes
Attitude → Intention to use e-health (H6)	0.526	6.66**	Yes
IT experience → Perceived usefulness (H7)	0.595	5.21**	Yes
IT experience → Attitude towards e-health (H8)	0.267	3.69*	Yes
IT experience → Intention to use e-health (H9)	0.062	1.35	No
Technical infrastructure → Attitude towards e-health (H10)	0.412	5.71**	Yes
Technical infrastructure → Intention to use e-health (H11)	0.355	3.71**	Yes

Notes: Goodness of fit χ2/d.f. = 1.60, NFI = 0.95, RMSR = 0.040, GFI =0 0.93, AGFI =0 0.88. *p < 0.05, **< 0.01.

Figure 2 Results of the structural model after a considerable modification of the original TAM model. Notes: *p < 0.05, **P < 0.01.