Measuring Patient Trust in Public versus Private Physicians in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of the Participants

Characteristics	n (%)
Gender (n=345)
Female	214 (62.0)
Male	131 (38.0)
Age, mean D (n=345)	37.01±12
Education level (n=345)
Secondary school or less	77 (22.3)
Diploma	40 (11.6)
Bachelor’s degree	219 (63.5)
Post-graduate degree	9 (2.6)
Occupation (n=345)
Not employed	162 (47)
Employee in healthcare sector	29 (8.4)
Employee in other sectors	154 (44.6)
Monthly income (n=345)
I do not have regular income	111 (32.2)
Less than 5,000 SR	36 (10.4)
5,000–9,999 SR	27 (7.8)
10,000–14,999 SR	65 (18.8)
15,000–19,999 SR	47 (13.6)
20,000 SR and above	25 (7.2)
Prefer not to say	34 (9.9)
Marital status (n=345)
Single	60 (17.4)
Married	278 (80.6)
Divorced, widowed, or separated	7 (2)
Insurance status (n=345)
Insured	179 (51.9)
Uninsured	166 (48.1)
Insurance class (n=166)
Class A	110 (66.3)
Class B	28 (16.9)
Class C and below	12 (7.2)
Others	16 (9.6)
SAHS (n=345)
Very good	248 (71.9)
Good	83 (24.1)
Poor or very poor	9 (2.6)
Prefer not to say	5 (1.4)

Abbreviations: n, sample size; SD, standard deviation; SR, Saudi Riyals; SAHS, self-assessed health status.

Table 2 Differences Between Age, Gender, Hospital Type, Insurance Status, Marital Status, SAHS, Education Level, Monthly Income, Insurance Class, and Occupation Categories and Mean Patient’s Trust Score

Variables	n	Mean	SD	Test
Hospital type
Public	170	2.51	0.60	t=3.447, P=0.001
Private	175	2.29	0.56
Age	345	2.40	0.60	Pearson correlation=−0.026, P=0.636
Gender
Female	214	2.42	0.59	t=0.725, P=0.954
Male	131	2.37	0.60
Insurance status
Insured	179	2.47	0.60	t=2.413, P=0.994
Uninsured	166	2.32	0.57
Marital status
Single	60	2.45	0.60	F(2)=0.282, P=0.868
Married	278	2.38	0.57
Divorced, widowed, or separated	7	2.59	1.16
SAHS
Very good	248	2.33	0.55	F(3)=11.429, P .010
Good	83	2.54	0.58
Poor or very poor	8	2.79	0.86
Prefer not to say	6	2.59	1.43
Education level
Secondary school or less	77	2.41	0.60	F(3)=1.835, P=0.607
Diploma	40	2.46	0.49
Bachelor’s degree	219	2.39	0.62
Post-graduate degree	9	2.27	0.39
Monthly income
I do not have regular income	111	2.43	0.54	F(6)=2.321, P=0.888
Less than 5,000 SR	36	2.40	0.53
5,000 SR to 9,999 SR	27	2.41	0.54
10,000 SR to 14,999 SR	65	2.33	0.65
15,000 SR to 19,999 SR	47	2.42	0.58
20,000 SR and above	25	2.39	0.50
Prefer not to say	34	2.40	0.81
Insurance class
Class A	110	2.28	0.56	F(3)=3.159, P=0.368
Class B	28	2.44	0.51
Class C and below	12	2.55	0.76
Others	16	2.17	0.69
Occupation
Not employed	162	2.42	0.59	F(2)=1.826, p P .401
Employee in healthcare sector	29	2.29	0.47
Employee in other sectors	154	2.39	0.62

Abbreviations: n, sample size; SD, standard deviation; t, t-test value; P, P-value; f, f-value; SAHS, self-assessed health status; SR, Saudi Riyals.

Figure 1 Stem and leaf test between gender and mean of patient trust level.

Figure 2 Stem and leaf test between insurance status and mean level of trust.

Figure 3 Stem and leaf test between hospital type and mean level of patient trust.

Table 3 Multivariable Linear Regression Assessing Differences Between Age, Gender, Hospital Type, Insurance Status, Marital Status, SAHS, Education Level, Monthly Income, Insurance Class, and Occupation Categories and Mean Patient’s Trust Score

Patient Characteristics	Unstandardized Coefficients		Standardized Coefficients	t	Sig.	95% Confidence Interval for B
	Beta	Std. Error	Beta			Lower Bound	Upper Bound
(Constant)	2.798	0.260		10.767	0.000	2.287	3.309
Hospital Type
Public	1.00 (ref)
Private	−0.188	0.083	−0.157	−2.262	0.024*	−0.351	−0.024
Gender
Female	1.00 (ref)
Male	−0.071	0.092	−0.058	−0.773	0.440	−0.253	0.110
Age	−0.004	0.004	−0.074	−1.001	0.317	−0.011	0.004
Insurance Status
Insured	1.00 (ref)
Uninsured	−0.062	0.092	−0.052	−0.675	0.500	−0.244	0.119
Marital status
Single	1.00 (ref)
Married	−0.036	0.101	−0.024	−0.361	0.718	−0.234	0.162
Divorced, widowed, or separated	0.051	0.133	0.023	0.385	0.700	−0.211	0.314
SAHS
Very good	1.00 (ref)
Good	0.161	0.079	0.133	2.040	0.042*	0.006	0.316
Poor or very poor	0.281	0.091	0.201	3.084	0.002*	0.102	0.461
Prefer not to say	0.450	0.242	0.106	1.857	0.064	−0.027	0.926
Education level
Secondary school or less	1.00 (ref)
Diploma	0.164	0.126	0.088	1.300	0.194	−0.084	0.411
Bachelor’s degree	0.046	0.087	0.037	0.532	0.595	−0.124	0.217
Post-graduate degree	−0.014	0.218	−0.004	−0.066	0.948	−0.444	0.415
Monthly income
I do not have regular income	1.00 (ref)
Less than 5,000 SR	−0.106	0.120	−0.054	−0.881	0.379	−0.341	0.130
5,000–9,000 SR	0.003	0.133	0.001	0.022	0.982	−0.259	0.265
10,000–14,000 SR	−0.046	0.115	−0.030	−0.397	0.692	−0.272	0.181
15,000–19,999 SR	0.027	0.135	0.015	0.199	0.842	−0.238	0.292
20,000 SR or above	0.077	0.166	0.034	0.466	0.641	−0.249	0.403
Prefer not to say	−0.012	0.126	−0.006	−0.097	0.923	−0.260	0.235
Insurance class
Class A	1.00 (ref)
Class B	0.039	0.118	0.018	0.330	0.742	−0.193	0.271
Class C and below	0.400	0.366	0.123	1.094	0.275	−0.319	1.119
Others	−0.131	0.160	−0.046	−0.821	0.412	−0.447	0.184
Occupation
Not employed	1.00 (ref)
Employee in Health sector	0.117	0.127	0.054	0.921	0.358	−0.133	0.368
Employee in other health sector recode	−0.306	0.405	−0.082	−0.756	0.450	−1.103	0.491

Abbreviations: Std. Error, standard error; Sig, significance; t, t-test value; B, beta; *, Significance; SAHS, self-assessed health status; SR, Saudi Riyals.