Respectful Maternity Care and Associated Factors Among Women Who Attended Delivery Services in Referral Hospitals in Northwest Amhara, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Respondents Who Gave Birth in Referral Hospitals of the Northwest Amhara, Ethiopia, 2020 (n=410)

Variables	Categories (n=410)	Frequency	%
Age	18–19	9	2.2
	20–24	72	17.6
	25–29	160	39.9
	30–34	84	20.5
	35 and above	85	20.7
Religion	Orthodox	325	79.5
	Catholic	3	0.7
	Muslim	23	5.6
	Protestant	59	14.4
Marital status	Married	352	85.9
	Single	34	8.3
	Divorced	23	5.6
	Widowed	1	0.2
Educational status	Unable to read and write	107	26.3
	Able to read and write	16	3.9
	Primary school	119	29.0
	Secondary school	70	17.1
	College and above	98	23.7
Occupation	Housewife	120	29.3
	Farmer	98	23.9
	Merchant(owns her own business)	64	15.6
	Government employee	61	14.9
	Private employee	44	10.7
	Student	9	2.2
	Unemployed	9	2.2
	Other ^a	5	1.2
Monthly income of the family(ETB)	≤ 999	73	17.8
	1000–1999	89	21.7
	≥ 2000	248	60.5
Residence	Urban	267	65.5
	Rural	143	34.9

Note: ^aDaily laborer.

Table 2 Obstetric Characteristics and History of Respondents Who Gave Birth in Referral Hospitals of the Northwest Amhara, Ethiopia, 2020 (n=410)

Variables	Categories	Frequency		%
Gravidity	Prime gravida	147		35.9
	Multi gravida	263		64.1
Parity	Prime Para	160		39.0
	Multi Para	240		58.6
	Grand multi Para	10		2.4
Place of delivery of last pregnancy (n=250)	Home	55		22
	Health facility	195		78
ANC follow-up	Yes	379		92.4
	No	31		7.6
Number of ANC follow-up (n=379)	<4	156		41.2
	≥4	223		58.8
Pregnancy type(status)	Wanted	349		85.1
	Unwanted	61		14.9
Major health problem during the current pregnancy	Yes	45		11
	No	365		89
Mode of delivery	Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery	295		72
	Instrumental assisted delivery	16		3.9
	Cesarean section	99		24.1
Complications during current delivery	Yes	20		4.9
	No	390		95.1
Main provider’s sex	Male	280		68.3
	Female	130		31.7
Length of labour(in hours)	<15	150		36.6
	≥15	260		63.4
Length of stay in the hospital	<15	316		77.1
	≥15	94		22.9
Delivery time	Day	220		53.7
	Night	190		46.3
Companion	Yes	402		98
	No	8		2
Companion allowed to stay beside the women in Delivery or Operation room	Yes	16		3.9
	No	386		96.1
Shouting or insulting by the provider	Yes	140		34.1
	No	270		65.9
Physical abuse by the provider(hitting, slapping, pushing)	Yes	14		3.4
	No	396		96.6

Figure 1 Status of respectful care among women (respondents) who gave birth in referral hospitals of the Northwest Amhara, Ethiopia, 2020 (n= 410).

Table 3 Categories and Types of Respectful Maternity Care Among Women (Respondents) Who Gave Birth in Referral Hospitals of Northwest Amhara, Ethiopia, 2020 (n=410)

Elements of Respectful Tool	Categories	Frequency	Percent (%)
Friendly care
I felt that healthcare workers cared for me with a kind approach.	Yes	315	76.8
	No	95	23.2
The health workers treated me in a friendly manner	Yes	310	75.6
	No	100	24.4
The health workers talked positively about pain and relief	Yes	329	80.2
	No	81	19.8
The health worker showed his/her concern and empathy	Yes	335	81.7
	No	75	18.3
All health workers treated me with respect as an individual	Yes	333	81.2
	No	77	18.8
The health workers spoke to me in a language that I could understand	Yes	318	77.6
	No	92	22.4
The health provider called me by my name	Yes	373	91
	No	37	9
Abusive free care
The health worker responded to my needs whether or not I asked	Yes	295	72
	No	115	28
The health provider slapped me during delivery for different reasons (R)	Yes	397	96.8
	No	13	3.2
The health workers shouted at me because I have not done what I was told to do (R)	Yes	268	65.4
	No	142	34.6
Timely care
I was kept waiting for a long time before receiving service (R)	Yes	399	97.3
	No	11	2.7
I was allowed to practice cultural rituals in the facility	Yes	406	99
	No	4	1
Service provision was delayed due to the health facilities’ internal problem (R)	Yes	401	97.8
	No	9	2.2
Discrimination-free Care
Some of the health workers did not treat me well because of some personal attribute (R)	Yes	349	85.1
	No	61	14.9
Some health workers insulted me and my companions due to my attributes (R)	Yes	345	84.1
	No	65	15.9

Figure 2 Status of respectful care by category among women (respondents) who gave birth in referral hospitals of the Northwest Amhara, Ethiopia, 2020 (n=410).

Table 4 Bi-Variable and Multi-Variable Binary Analyses of Factors Associated with Respectful Care Among Women (Respondents) Who Gave Birth in Referral Hospitals of the Northwest Amhara, Ethiopia, 2020 (n=410)

Variables		Respectful Care		COR	AOR
		Yes (Percent)	No (Percent)
Age	15–24	58(14.2)	23(5.7)	2.837(1.490,5.401)	0.132(0.011,1.546)
	25–34	133(32.4)	111(27)	1.348(0.822,2.211)	0.900(0.440,1.839)
	≥35	40(9.8)	45(10.9)	1	1
Educational status	No formal education	53(12.93)	70(17.07)	1	1
	Primary and secondary	108(26.34)	81(19.76)	1.761(1.111,2.7861)	0.512(0.234,1.119)
	College and above	70(17.07)	28(6.83)	3.302(1.876,5.811)	0.343(0.082,1.425)
Occupation of the women	Government employed	46(11.22)	15(3.66)	2.179(1.463,5.051)	2.021(0.707,5.773)
	Others ^a	185(45.12)	164(40)	1	1
Monthly income (in Birr)	≤1999	73(17.8)	89(21.7)	1	1
	≥2000	158(38.54)	90(21.95)	2.140(1.430,3.204)	1.784(0.948,3.357)
Residence	Urban	164(40)	103(25.06)	1.806(1.198,2.2723)	1.499(0.609,3.694)
	Rural	67(16.34)	76(18.54)	1	1
Previous history of facility delivery n=250	Home	14(5.6)	41(16.4)	1	1
	Health facility	116(46.4)	79(31.6)	4.300(2.199,8.409)	2.533(1.094,5.867)*
Number of ANC follow-up(n=379)	<4	65(17.15)	91(24.01)	1	1
	≥4	159(41.95)	64(16.89)	3.478(2.261,5.350)	3.092(1.676,5.725)*
Pregnancy status	Wanted	202(49.27)	147(35.85)	1.979(1.139,3.439)	2.123(0.687,6.566)
	Unwanted	25(6.1)	36(8.78)	1	1
Major health problem during pregnancy	Yes	33(8.05)	12(2.93)	2.319(1.161,4.634)	1.897(0.670,5.372)
	No	198(48.3)	167(40.73)	1	1
Mode of delivery	Vaginal	165(40.24)	146(35.6)	1	1
	C/S	66(16.1)	33(8.05)	1.770(1.102,2.841)	1.250(0.498,3.138)
Delivery time	Day	140(34.15)	80(19.51)	2.072(1.394,3.079)	2.458(1.349,4.482)*
	Night	87(21.22)	103(25.12)	1	1

Notes: *Significant variables. ^aHousewife, merchant, farmer, government employee, private employee, Student.