Ability for self-care in urban living older people in southern Norway

Figures & data

Table 1 Associated factors for SASE scores

Variables	R^2 = 0.60
	Beta	P-value
GHQ scores	−0.137	<0.001
Receiving home nursing	−0.217	<0.001
ASA-A scores	0.236	<0.001
Perceived helplessness	−0.164	<0.001
Age	−0.126	<0.001
Perceived health	0.090	0.002
Being anxious	−0.091	0.002
Frequencies of physical activity	0.081	0.004
Being active	0.068	0.020
NUFFE scores	−0.072	0.023
Being satisfied with life	0.066	0.027

Abbreviations: ASA-A, appraisal of self-care agency scale; GHQ, Goldberg’s general health questionnaire; NUFFE, nutritional form for the elderly; SASE, self-care ability scale for the elderly; R², determination coefficient; Beta, standardized regression coefficient.

Table 2 SASE and its factors related to age cohorts

	Age cohort A 65–74 years n = 574	Age cohort B 75–84 years n = 337	Age cohort C 85+ years n = 133	P-value
SASE [M (SD)]	77.2 (7.2) n = 561	73.4 (9.7) n = 321	66.1 (14.5) n = 126	<0.012c,e,g
GHQ [M (SD)]	22.9 (7.6) n = 538	24.5 (8.9) n = 296	29.0 (12.3) n = 104	<0.012a,e,g
Receiving home nursing [no (%)]	9 (1.6) n = 562	15 (4.6) n = 326	30 (23.1) n = 130	<0.012b,e,g
ASA-A [M (SD)]	94.9 (10.2) n = 547	90.6 (9.8) n = 314	86.0 (11.1) n = 118	<0.012c,e,g
Perceived helplessness [no (%)]	36 (6.4) n = 562	42 (13.1) n = 320	29 (22.7) n = 128	<0.012b,e,f
Age [M (SD)]	69.4 (2.8) n = 574	79.0 (2.9) n = 337	88.0 (2.4) n = 133	<0.012c,e,g
Perceived health [no (%)]	530 (96.2) n = 551	256 (90.5) n = 283	97 (83.6) n = 116	<0.012b,e,f
Being anxious [no (%)]	49 (8.7) n = 563	40 (12.3) n = 326	24 (18.9) n = 127	0.036d
Frequencies physical activity [M (SD)]	2.56 (0.7) n = 563	2.44 (0.8) n = 325	2.21 (1.1) n = 128	<0.012e,f
Being active [no (%)]	503 (89.7) n = 561	277 (85.8) n = 323	98 (76.6) n = 128	<0.012e,f
NUFFE [M (SD)]	3.2 (2.3) n = 524	4.3 (3.3) n = 306	6.6 (4.1) n = 116	<0.012c,e,g
Being satisfied with life [no (%)]	515 (92.1) n = 559	288 (89.7) n = 321	105 (82.7) n = 127	0.06

Notes:

a Statistically significant difference between groups A and B (P < 0.005);

b statistically significant difference between groups A and B (P < 0.01);

c statistically significant difference between groups A and B (P < 0.001);

d statistically significant difference between groups A and C (P < 0.01);

e statistically significant difference between groups A and C (P < 0.001);

f statistically significant difference between groups B and C (P < 0.05);

g statistically significant difference between groups B and C (P < 0.001).

Abbreviations: ASA-A, appraisal of self-care agency scale; GHQ, Goldberg’s general health questionnaire; NUFFE, nutritional form for the elderly; SASE, self-care ability scale for the elderly.

Table 3 Regression analyses for self-care ability (SASE scores) in three age cohorts

	Independent variables	Beta	P-values
65–74 years
n = 574	Perceived helplessness	−0.261	<0.001
	ASA-A scores	0.290	<0.001
	Receiving home nursing	−0.239	<0.001
	Being anxious	−0.166	<0.001
	Being active	0.095	0.013
	Perceived health	0.099	0.007
	Frequency of physical activity	0.094	0.011
R^2 = 0.51	Being satisfied with life	0.077	0.036
75–84 years
n = 337	Perceived helplessness	−0.142	0.032
	ASA-A scores	0.298	<0.001
	Perceived health	0.194	0.001
	Being anxious	−0.147	0.014
	Age	−0.108	0.017
	GHQ scores	−0.130	0.021
R^2 = 0.56	Being active	0.116	0.021
85+ years
n = 133	GHQ scores	−0.255	0.001
	Receiving home nursing	−0.312	<0.001
	Frequency of physical activity	0.277	<0.001
	ASA-A scores	0.200	0.004
R^2 = 0.79	Being satisfied with life	0.162	0.024

Abbreviations: ASA-A, appraisal of self-care agency scale; GHQ, Goldberg’s general health questionnaire; SASE, self-care ability scale for the elderly; R², determination coefficient; Beta, standardized regression coefficient.