Health-Related Quality of Life Among Myocardial Infarction Survivors: Structural Equation Modeling Approach

Figures & data

Figure 1 A hypothesized model for factors associated with health-related quality of life among myocardial infarction survivors attending at cardiac center Ethiopia.

Note: Single-headed arrow shows the direction of effect.

Abbreviations: PH, physical health domain; PSD, psychological health domain; SHD, social health domain; EHD, environmental health domain.

Table 1 Socio-Demographics and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Myocardial Infarction at Cardiac Center, Ethiopia, 2020 (N= 421)

Variables	Categories	Frequency (N=299)	Percentage (%)
Sex	Female	182	43.2
	Male	239	56.8
Marital status	Married	112	26.6
	Unmarried	262	62.2
	Divorced/separated	32	7.6
	Widowed	15	3.6
Place of Residence	Urban	346	82.2
	Rural	75	17.8
Educational level	Unable to read and write	72	17.1
	Read and write only	58	13.8
	Primary education(1–8)	58	13.8
	Secondary education (9–10)	119	28.3
	College and above	114	27.1
Occupation	Government employee	73	17.3
	Privet worker	119	28.3
	Farmer	20	4.8
	Housewife	85	20.2
	No occupation	72	17.1
	Others	52	12.4
Diabetes mellitus	Yes	179	42.5
	No	242	57.5
High cholesterol	Yes	56	13.3
	No	365	86.7
Hypertension	Yes	18	4.3
	No	403	95.7
Heart failure	Yes	29	6.9
	No	392	93.1
Other co-morbidities*	Yes	139	33.0
	No	282	67.0
Age	Mean ±SD	42.55±15.925
Average monthly Income level	Mean ±SD	3230.93±3361.291

Note: *Other comorbidities= strokes.

Table 2 The Direct, Indirect, and Total Effect of Socio-Demographical and HRQOL Domains Among Patients with MI Attending at Cardiac Center Ethiopia, 2020

Characteristics	Direct Effect (95% CI)	Indirect Effect (95% CI)	Total Effect (95% CI)
Physical health domain
Education	0.066(0.008, 0.124)	–	0.066(0.008, 0.124)
Psychological health componnent
Education	0.132(0.080, 0.183)	–	0.1317(0.0804, 0.1829)
Residence	−0.394(−0.593, −0.195)	–	0.394(−0.593 −0.195)
Social health domain
Residence	−0.502(−0.770, −0.234)	–	−0.502(−0.770, −0.234)
Income	0.00004(9.99e-06, 0.00008)	-	0.4*(0.99*, 0.77*)
Education	0.0872(0.0203, 0.1542)	-	0.087(0.02, 0.154)
Environmental health domain
Education	0.075(0.033, 0.116)	-	0.075(0.0330, 0.116)
Overall HRQOL
Physical health domain	0.238(0.004, 0.472)	-	0.238(0.004, 0.472)
Psychological health domain	0.708(0.389, 1.025)	-	0.708(0.390, 1.026)
Environmental health domain	0.242(0.039, 0.445)	-	0.242(0.039, 0.445)
Sex	0.189(0.034, 0.344)	-
Age	−0.007(−0.012, −0.001)	−0.003(−0.007,0.002)	−0.001(−0.015, −0.003)
Residence	-	−0.379(−0.570, −0.189)	−0.379(−0.5704, −0.189)
Education	-	0.133(0.083, 0.183)	0.147(0.092, 0.201)
Income	-	0.23*(0.02*, 0.04)

Note: *Indicates four zero after the decimal place or before the indicated number.

Figure 2 Structural equation model for a factor associated with HRQOL among patients with MI attending at cardiac center Ethiopia.

Abbreviations: PHD, physical health domain; EHD, environmental health domain; SHD, social health domain; PSHD, psychological health domain; PHDparcil, average of Q3 and Q4; PHDparcil2, average of Q10 and 7; parcil13, average of Q4, Q8 and Q9; parcil21, average of Q13 and Q15; parcil22, average of Q10 and Q15; PHDparcil3, average of Q16, Q17, and Q17; PSHDparcil1, average of Q5 and Q6; PSHD parcil2, average of Q7, Q11; PSHDparcil3, average of Q19 and Q26; EHDparcil1, average of Q8, Q9 andQ25; EHD parcil2, average of Q12, Q13; EHDparcil3, average of Q14, Q23, and Q24.