New Strategies to Improve Patient Adherence to Medications for Noncommunicable Diseases During and After the COVID-19 Era Identified via a Literature Review

Figures & data

Figure 1 Mortality by disease groups in the USA during 2016. Data from World Health Organization.³

Abbreviations: CVD, cardiovascular disease; NCD, noncommunicable disease.

Figure 2 World Health Organization’s nine voluntary global targets for NCDs to be achieved by 2025, with baseline values from 2010. Data from World Health Organization.⁹⁷

Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; CVD, cardiovascular disease; NCD, noncommunicable disease.

Figure 3 Comorbid NCDs increase the risk of death in patients with COVID-19.⁹ Multivariate analysis of patient characteristics associated with mortality in hospital. Based on 20,133 UK patients with COVID-19. ^#Patient age was compared against <50 years. *P<0.05, **P<0.01. Data from Docherty et al.⁹

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.

Figure 4 The five dimensions of adherence. Data from World Health Organization.³⁵

Abbreviation: HCT, healthcare team.

Figure 5 The use of RWD to monitor adherence and persistence over time – an example adherence dashboard.

Abbreviations: MPR, medical possession ratio; PDC, percentage of days covered; RWD, real-world data.

Figure 6 Adherence in Spain, a case study.

Abbreviations: ACS-OAT, autonomous communities, observatory of adherence to therapy; AHT, arterial hypertension; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HCP, healthcare provider; HCS, healthcare system; NCD, noncommunicable disease.

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