Co-occurrence of Behavioral Risk Factors of Non-communicable Diseases and Social Determinants among Adults in Urban Centers of Southwestern Ethiopia in 2020: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of participants

Variable	Categories	n	Proportion
Age, years	18–29	390	32.7%
	30–44	447	37.5%
	45–59	201	16.9%
	60–69	90	7.6%
	≥70	63	5.3%
	Total	1191	100%
Sex	Male	537	45.1%
	Female	654	54.9%
	Total	1191	100%
Ethnicity	Oromo	857	71.9%
	Amhara	111	9.3%
	Gurage	9	0.8%
	Nuer	101	8.5%
	Agnua	98	8.2%
	Other	15	1.3%
	Total	1191	100
Religion	Orthodox	450	37.8%
	Protestant	378	31.7%
	Muslim	342	28.7%
	Catholic	19	1.8%
Wealth index	First quartile	294	24.7%
	Second quartile	300	25.2%
	Third quartile	300	25.2%
	Fourth quartile	297	24.9%
	Total	1191	100%

Figure 1 Prevalence of behavioral risk factors of ICDs in three urban centers of south western Ethiopia.

Table 2 Cross tabulation of sex and co-occurrence of behavioral risk factors among study participants

Sex	Risk Factor		Total	P
	One or none	Two or more
Male	264 (49.2%)	273 (50.8%)	537	<0.001
Female	147 (22.5%)	507 (77.5%)	654
Total	411	612	1191

Figure 2 Age distribution of the co-occurrence of behavioral risk factors among study participants. south western

Table 3 Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression of co-occurrence of behavioral risk factors and social determinants among participants

Variable	Category	Dependent variable category		COR (95% CI)	P	AOR (95% CI)	P
		<2 BRFs coded 0	≥2 BRF coded 1
Sex	Male	264	273	1		1
	Female	147	507	3.3 (2.16–5.1)	<0.01	3.1 (1.8–5.5)	<0.001*
Education	Primary and Below	144	354	1.5 (1.2–0.2.4)	0.48
	Secondary and Above	267	426	1		—	—
Getting together for food and drink	Never Get together	147	330	1.3 (08–0.2.0)	0.207	0.6 (0.3–1.2)	0.158
	Get together	264	450	1		1
Have someone to borrow from	Yes	264	510	1		1
	Unsure	30	111	1.9 (0.9–4.03)	0.087	1.4 (0.5–3.5	0.45
	No	117	159	0.7 (0.4–1.1)	0.157	0.22 (0.1–0.4)	<0*
Group membership	Not member of group	111	138	0.5 (0.35–0.95)	0.031
	Member of a group	300	642	1		1
Housing condition (crowding)	No crowding	387	726	1
	Over crowding	24	54	1.2 (0.5–2.8)	0.679
Wealth index	First quartile	153	141	1
	Second quartile	75	225	3.2 (1.8–5.9)	<0.001	2.4 (1.15–5.15)	0.019*
	Third quartile	78	222	3 (1.7–5.6)	<0.001	2.3 (1.09–4.8)	0.028*
	Fourth quartile	105	192	1.9 (1.1–3.5)	0.019	1.05 (0.48–2.2)	0.89
Friends drink	No	354	570	0.4 (0.25–0.76)	0.004	0.2 (0.09–0.44)	<0*
	Yes	57	210	1		1	1
Family members drink	No	387	651	1
	Yes	24	129	3.1 (1.5–7.0)	0.004
Occupation	Employed	123	195	1
	Unemployed	283	585	1.3 (0.8–2.0)	0.292	1.9 (1.02–3.6)	0.043*
Education	Primary and below	144	354	1.5 (1.05–2.4)	0.048
	Secondary and above	267	426	1
Friends smoke	No	354	693	1		1
	Yes	57	87	0.78 (0.4–1.44)	0.431	2.1 (0.9–5.2)	0.098
Family members smoke	Yes	10	54	1.0 (0.47–2.3)	0.889
	No	381	726	1
Family members exercise	No	189	471	1.8 (1.2–2.7)	0.006	1.6 (0.95–2.9)	0.07*
	Yes	222	309	1		1
Friends do physical activity	No	186	564	3.1 (2.0–4.8)	<0.001	2.7 (1.5–4.7)	<0*
	Yes	225	216	1		1
Participation in community work	No	48	222	3.0 (1.6–5.4)	<0.001	2.95 (1.4–6.0)	0.003*
	Yes	363	558	1		1

Note: *Significant association on final backward stepwise logistic regression model.