Revisiting Spasticity After Stroke: Clustering Clinical Characteristics for Identifying At-Risk Individuals

Figures & data

Table 1 Demography and Clinical Characteristics of All Stroke Subjects

	Total (n=216)	No Spasitcity Group (n=118)	Spasticity Group (n=98)
Age (years)	54.9±11.6	54.94±11.1	54.93±12.2
Gender
Male	141	78	63
Female	75	40	35
Severity of Stroke
Mild	8	7	1
Moderate	182	98	84
Severe	26	13	13
Duration after stroke (months)	18.87±19.9	24.5±21.1	14.20±17.6
Duration After Stroke (Re-Group)
1–20 months	143	92	51
21–40 months	47	15	32
41–60 months	17	9	8
61 months and above	9	2	7
Type of Stroke
Ischaemic	124	74	50
Haemorrhagic	92	45	47
Presence of Hemisensory Loss
Not present	188	98	90
Present	28	20	8

Table 2 Univariate Analysis of Characteristics

Characteristics	Chi-Square Value (If Relevant)	p-value
Age	-	0.994
Gender	0.078	0.446
Severity of stroke	3.757	0.153
Duration after stroke (months)	-	<0.001*
Duration after stroke (re-group)	19.052	<0.001*
Type of stroke	2.315	0.083
Presence of hemisensory loss	3.663	0.042

Note: *p-value is less than 0.001.

Figure 1 Recruited stroke patients and grouping for the study.

Table 3 Clustering Analysis of Characteristics

Cluster	1	2	3
No. of patients with spasticity in each cluster (%)	40 (40.8%)	37 (37.8%)	21 (21.4%)
Characteristics (% Within Cluster)
Duration after stroke (months)	1–20 (100%)	21–40 (67.6%)	1–20 (52.4%)
Severity of stroke	Moderate (100%)	Moderate	Severe (61.9%)
Hemisensory loss	Absent (100%)	(100%) Absent (100%)	Absent (61.9%)