A Cross-sectional Study on the Magnitude of undernutrition in Tuberculosis Patients in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Study Participants, Oromia, 2020

Characteristics		N (%)
Age (years)	<18	52 (11.6)
	18–28	203 (45.1)
	29–39	106 (23.6)
	40–45	55 (12.2)
	>45	34 (7.6)
Sex	Male	240 (53.3)
	Female	210 (46.7)
Address (zones)	North Shewa	37 (8.2)
	South West Shewa	28 (6.2)
	East Shewa	92 (20.4)
	Arsi	88 (19.6)
	West Arsi	24 (5.3)
	Bale	64 (14.2)
	Guji	60 (13.3)
	Borena	25 (5.6)
	West Harerge	32 (7.1)
Education	Cannot read and write	169 (37.6)
	Read and write	88 (19.6)
	Elementary	146 (32.4)
	Secondary	31 (6.9)
	College and above	16 (3.6)
Family size	Lives alone	10 (2.2)
	1–4	298 (66.2)
	>4	142 (31.6)
Category of tuberculosis treatment history	New	343 (76.2)
	Previously treated	107 (23.8)
History of anti-TB drug resistance (N=107)	No	58 (54.2)
	Yes	23 (21.5)
	Unknown	26 (24.3)
Duration of illness before medical treatment	<1 month	137 (30.4)
	1–2 months	225 (50.0)
	>2 months	88 (19.6)
Currently smoking	No	421 (93.6)
	Yes	29 (6.4)
Currently chewing khat	No	382 (84.9)
	Yes	68 (15.1)
Drink alcohol beverages	No	399 (88.7)
	Yes	51 (11.3)
HIV serum status	Negative	404 (89.8)
	Positive	34 (7.6)
	Unknown	12 (2.6)

Table 2 Distribution of Body Mass Index of the Study Participants, Oromia, 2020

Category of BMI (kg/m^2)		N (%)	95% Confidence Interval
<16.0	Severe undernutrition	40 (8.9)	6.4–11.6
16.0–16.99	Moderate undernutrition	52 (11.6)	8.9–14.9
17.0–18.49	Mild undernutrition	140 (31.1)	26.9–35.3
18.5–24.99	Normal	213 (47.3)	42.9–51.8
>25	Overweight	5 (1.1)	0.2–2.0
	Total	450

Table 3 Association of Sociodemographic Characteristics of TB Patients with Undernutrition in TB Patients, Oromia, 2020 (N=445)

Characteristics		Nutritional Status		COR (95% CI)	p-value	AOR(95% CI)	p-value
		<N	N
Age group	<18	50	2	0.032 (0.007–0.140)	0.000	0.028 (0.006 −0.125)	0.000
	18–28	92	108	0.951 (0.952–0.529)	0.837	0.893 (0.547–1.468)	0.651
	29–39	47	58	1		1
	40–50	24	31	1.047 (0.542–2.020)	0.892	1.031 (0.530–2.007)	0.928
	>50	19	14	0.597 (0.271–1.316)	0.201	0.624 (0.280–1.388)	0.247
Education	Illiterate	86	81	0.680 (0.313–1.477)	0.330	0.730 (0.327–1.630)	0.442
	Read and write	46	42	0.659 (0.288–1.508)	0.324	0.786 (0.337–1.835)	0.578
	Elementary	81	63	0.562 (0.256–1.232)	0.150	0.910 (0.404–2.051)	0.821
	Secondary	13	18	1		1
	College +	6	9	1.083 (0.309–3.802)	0.901	1.230 (0.334–4.533)	0.756
Family size	Lives alone	6	4	0.653 (0.181–2.363)	0.516	0.531 (0.142–1.983)	0.347
	1–4	145	148	1		1
	>4	81	61	0.738 (0.493–1.105)	0.140	1.125 (0.717–1.767)	0.608

Abbreviations: <N, undernutrition; CI, confidence interval.

Table 4 Association of Clinical History with Undernutrition in TB Patients, Oromia, 2020

Characteristics		Nutritional Status		COR (95%CI)	p-value	AOR (95%CI)	p-value
		<N	Normal
Treat. Cat	New	167	173	1
	Repeat	65	40	1.683 (1.076–2.634)	0.023	1.41 (0.628–2.075)	0.665
DoI	<1 month	68	69	1
	1–2 months	108	115	1.994 (1.141–3.487)	0.015	1.042 (0.648–1.675)	0.865
	>2 months	57	29	2.112 (1.257–3.549)	0.005	0.579 (0.291–1.155)	0.121
HIV status	Negative	200	199	1
	Positive	27	7	3.838 (1.634–9.017)	0.002	0.259 (0.104–0.647)	0.004
Khat	No	200	179	1
	Yes	32	34	0.842 (0.499–1.421)	0.520	1.229 (0.618–2.444)	0.556
Alcohol	No	207	188	1
	Yes	25	25	0.908 (0.504–1.636)	0.748	1.255 (0.612–2.57)	0.535
Cigarette	No	217	199	1
	Yes	15	14	0.983 (0.463–2.087)	0.963	1.073 (0.397–2.897)	0.889
History of DR	NR	166	183	1
	R	25	10	2.756 (1.285–5.910)	0.009	0.394[0.173–0.897)	0.026

Abbreviations: DoI, Duration of illness; DR, Drug Resistance; NR, No resistance; R, Resistance.