Assessment of the Health-Promoting Behaviors of Hospitalized Patients with Non-Communicable Diseases During the Second Wave of COVID-19

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic Status of the Participants

Demographic Characteristics		Frequency (N = 250)	Mean ± SD	Percent (%)
Sex	Male	105		42.0
	Female	145		58.0
Age		250	48.92 ± 8.90
Body weight		250	64.39 ± 14.51
Body height		250	152.72 ± 6.82
BMI		250	27.76 ± 6.51
Monthly income (USD)	< 200 (6000 Thai Baht)	105		42.0
	200–300 (6001–9000 Thai Baht)	115		46.0
	> 300 (9000 Thai Baht)	30		12.0
Religion	Buddhism	237		94.8
	Christianity	8		3.2
	Islam	5		2.0
Marital status	Single	24		9.6
	Married	158		63.2
	Widow	58		23.2
	Disclosed	10		4.0
Education level	Primary school or lower	199		79.6
	High school	43		17.2
	Undergraduate or higher	8		3.2
Health insurance	UHC	186		74.4
	Social security	30		12.0
	Civil servant	28		11.2
	Private insurance	6		2.4

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; UHC, universal health coverage.

Figure 1 Distribution of health status among hospitalized patients with NCDs.

Figure 2 Distribution of underlying diseases among hospitalized patients with NCDs.

Table 2 Mean, Standard Deviation, and Level of Health-Promoting Behaviors

Variable	Mean ± SD	Levels of Variables
		High	Moderate	Low
		n (%)	n (%)	n (%)
Health-Promoting Behaviors (HPBs)	106.09 ± 4.66	9 (3.6)	241 (96.4)	0 (0.0)
Health Responsibility	16.64 ± 1.34	0 (0.0)	138 (55.2)	112 (44.8)
Physical Activity	11.48 ± 2.06	0 (0.0)	4 (1.6)	246 (98.4)
Nutrition	23.06 ± 2.08	43 (17.2)	199 (79.6)	8 (3.2)
Interpersonal Relations	18.88 ± 1.98	9 (3.6)	213 (85.2)	28 (11.2)
Spiritual Growth	21.16 ± 2.02	3 (1.2)	203 (81.2)	44 (17.6)
Stress Management	14.87 ± 1.15	0 (0.0)	161 (64.4)	89 (35.6)

Table 3 Correlation Matrix of Health-Promoting Behaviors

Variable	1	2	3	4	5	6
1. Age	1
2. Perceived Benefit	−0.030	1
3. Perceived Self-Efficacy	0.138*	−0.181**	1
4. Perceived Barriers	0.560	0.740	−0.120	1
5. Social Support	0.172*	−0.112	0.157*	0.180	1
6. Health-Promoting Behaviors	0.132*	0.440**	0.730**	−0.870**	0.150*	1

Notes: *p-value < 0.05; **p-value < 0.01.

Table 4 Regression of Individual Health-Promoting Behaviors

Variable	B	SE(b)	β	t	p value	95% CI
Constant Value	118.94	11.93		9.96	< 0.001*	95.44, 142.45
Perceived Benefit	0.084	0.069	0.079	1.225	< 0.001*	−0.219, 0.051
Perceived Barriers	−0.122	0.086	−0.090	−1.428	< 0.001*	−0.046, 0.291
Perceived Self-Efficacy	0.064	0.065	0.063	0.085	< 0.001*	−0.191, 0.064
Social Support	0.216	0.093	0.147	2.314	< 0.001*	−0.399, −0.032

Notes: R = 0.395; adjusted R² = 0.380; SE = 4.061; F = 2.424; *p-value < 0.001.