COVID-19 Screening for Hospitalized Patients: The Role of Expanded Hospital Surveillance in a Low Prevalence Setting

Figures & data

Table 1 Clinical Characteristics of Rescreened and Non-Rescreened Cases

Variable^a	Rescreened	Non-Rescreened
Total Number	N = 242	N = 3307	P value^b
Demographics
Male	136 (56.2)	1870 (56.5)	0.9160
Female	106 (43.8)	1437 (43.5)	0.9160
Age (years)	66.7 (51.0–80.3)	61.3 (48.3–72.8)	<0.0001
Age ≥ 75 years	89 (36.8)	690 (20.9)	<0.0001
Hospitalization (days)	4.0 (1.0–10.0)	4.0 (2.0–11.0)	0.0769
Different quarantine levels			<0.0001
Not quarantined for COVID-19	187 (77.3)	3147 (95.2)
Quarantined due to potential exposure to SARS-CoV-2	47 (19.4)	68 (2.1)
Quarantined due to unexplained community-acquired pneumonia	8 (3.3)	92 (2.8)
Departments			<0.0001
Internal Medicine	145 (59.9)	1877 (56.8)
Surgery	22 (9.1)	616 (18.6)
Cardiovascular Center	12 (5.0)	56 (1.7)
Neurology	35 (14.5)	135 (4.1)
Pediatrics	5 (2.1)	208 (6.3)
Obstetrics and Gynecology	4 (1.7)	177 (5.4)
Others	19 (7.9)	238 (7.2)

Notes: ^aData are presented as median values (interquartile range) for continuous variables and number of cases (percentage) for categorical variables. ^bP value: The Mann–Whitney U-test was used to compare continuous variables, and the χ² or two-tailed Fisher’s exact test was used to compare categorical variables.

Table 2 Univariable and Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Associated with Rescreened Cases

Variable	Univariable Analysis		Multivariable Analysis
	Crude OR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P value
Gender
Male	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
Female	1.01 (0.78–1.32)	0.9159	1.17 (0.88–1.55)	0.2839
Age ≥ 75 years	2.21 (1.68–2.90)	<0.0001	1.56 (1.16–2.10)	0.0035
Hospitalization (days)	1.00 (0.99–1.00)	0.5222
Different quarantine levels
Not quarantined for COVID-19	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
Quarantined due to potential exposure to SARS-CoV-2	11.63 (7.80–17.35)	<0.0001	11.76 (7.64–18.10)	<0.0001
Quarantined due to unexplained community-acquired pneumonia	1.46 (0.70–3.06)	0.3115	1.66 (0.78–3.53)	0.1881
Departments
Internal Medicine	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
Surgery	0.46 (0.29–0.73)	0.0010	0.66 (0.41–1.07)	0.0911
Cardiovascular Center	2.77 (1.45–5.29)	0.0020	3.97 (2.05–7.69)	<0.0001
Neurology	3.36 (2.23–5.05)	<0.0001	4.69 (3.05–7.20)	<0.0001
Pediatrics	0.31 (0.13–0.77)	0.0113	0.48 (0.19–1.21)	0.1221
Obstetrics and Gynecology	0.29 (0.11–0.80)	0.0166	0.44 (0.16–1.23)	0.1180
Other	1.03 (0.63–1.70)	0.8968	1.50 (0.90–2.50)	0.1218

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.