Assessing the Psychological Impact of the Pandemic COVID -19 in Uninfected High-Risk Population

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic Characteristics of the Participants (n = 234)

Variable	Category	Frequency	Percentage (%)
Gender	Male	114	(49)
	Female	120	(51)
Age	24–35	32	(13.7)
	36–44	75	(32.1)
	45–64	101	(43.10)
	Over 65	26	(11.10)
Educational status	Illiterate	15	(6.41)
	Literate	21	(8.97)
	Primary school	34	(14.53)
	Secondary	75	(32.05)
	University	89	(38.00)
Marital status	Single	59	(25.21)
	Married	135	(57.69)
	Widows	25	(10.68)
	Divorced	15	(6.41)
Family size	1–3	85	(36.32)
	4–6	97	(41.45)
	Over 6	52	(22.22)
Smoking	Yes	84	(36.0)
	No	150	(64.0)
Chronic disease	Asthma	07	(2.99)
	Cancer	11	(4.70)
	Heart disease	13	(5.56)
	Diabetes	90	(38.46)
	Kidney disease	26	(11.11)
	Hypertension	86	(36.75)
	Liver disease	01	(0.43)
Employment status	Employ	201	(85.90)
	Non-Employ	33	(14.10)
Source information about COVID-19	T.V and radio	117	(50.0)
	Social media	89	(38.03)
	Health workers	28	(11.97)
Residence	Urban	210	(89.74)
	Rural	24	(10.26)

Table 2 The Sociodemographic Distribution of the Participants and Its Association with Anxiety (N = 234)

Variable	Category	Anxiety Level N (%)				P-value
		Minimal	Mild	Moderate	Severe
Gender	Male	5 (4.39)	27 (23.68)	63(55.26)	19 (16.67)	0.025
	Female	13 (10.83)	50 (41.67)	35 (29.17)	22 (18.33)
Age	24–35	4 (12.5)	13 (40.62)	13 (40.62)	2 (6.25)	0.002
	36–44	4 (5.3)	46 (61.33)	22 (29.33)	3 (4.00)
	45–64	4 (3.96)	50 (49.5)	36 (35.64)	11 (10.89)
	Over 65	2 (7.69)	12 (46.15)	7 (26.92)	5(19.23)
Educational status	Illiterate	5 (33.33)	4(26.67)	5 (33.33)	1(6.67)	0.000
	Literate	6 (28.57)	3 (14.29)	11(52.38)	1(4.76)
	Primary school	2 (5.88)	19(55.88)	10(29.41)	3(8.82)
	Secondary	11(14.67)	29 (38.67)	33(44)	5(6.67)
	University	2(2.25)	55(61.80)	21(23.60)	11(12.36)
Marital status	Single	13(22.03)	22(37.29)	22 (37.29)	2(3.39)	0.000
	Married	11(8.15)	69(51.11)	49 (36.30)	6(4.44)
	Widows	4(16.00)	14 (56.0)	2(8.00)	5 (20.00)
	Divorced	7(46. 67)	3(20.0)	1(6.67)	4 (26.67)
Family size	1–3	18(21.18)	32(37.65)	32(37.65)	3 (3.52)	0.001
	4–6	6 (6.19)	50(51.55)	37 (38.14)	4 (4.12)
	Over 6	11 (21.15)	26 (50.0)	5 (9.62)	10 (19.23)
Smoking	Yes	24 (28.57)	31(36.90)	27(32.14)	3(3.57)	0.102
	No	18 (12.0)	76 (50.67)	42 (28.0)	14 (9.33)
Chronic disease	Asthma	3 (42.86)	2 (28.57)	1 (14.29)	1 (14.29)	0.000
	Cancer	1(9.09)	4(36.36)	5 (45.45)	1 (9.09)
	Heart disease	2 (15.38)	3 (23.08)	7 (53.85)	1(7.69)
	Diabetes	24(26.67)	35(38.89)	29 (32.22)	2 (2.22)
	Liver disease	0.0	0.0	0.0	1(100.0)
	Hypertension	4(4.65)	48(55.81)	26 (30.23)	8 (9.30)
	Kidney disease	7 (26.92)	14 (53.85)	1 (3.85)	4(15.38)
Employment status	Employ	31(15.42)	89 (44.28)	66 (32.84)	13(6.47)	0.041
	Non-Employ	11(33.33)	17 (51.51)	1 (3.03)	4(12.12)
Source information about COVID-19	T.V and radio	20 (17.09)	42 (35.90)	45 (38.46)	10 (8.55)	0.023
	Social media	4(4.49)	42 (47.19)	33 (37.08)	10 (11.24)
	Health workers	7 (25.0)	16 (57.14)	1(3.57)	4(14.29)
Residence	Urban	24(11.43)	90 (42.86)	78 (37.14)	20 (9.52)	0.023
	Rural	7 (29.17)	12 (50.0)	1 (4.17)	4 (16.67)

Table 3 The Sociodemographic Distribution of the Participants and Its Association with Depression (N = 234)

Variable	Category	Depression Level					P-value
		Minimal	Mild	Moderate	M. Severe	Severe
Gender	Male	9 (7.89)	26 (22.81)	37 (32.46)	37(32.46)	5 (4.39)	0.032
	Female	13 (10.83)	12 (10.0)	20 (16.67)	45 (37.5)	30 (25.0)
Age	24–35	7 (21.89)	4 (12.5)	4(12.5)	13(40.62)	4(12.5)	0.59
	36–44	23 (30.67)	18 (24.0)	11(14.67)	12 (16.0)	11(14.67)
	45–64	31(30.69)	22 (21.78)	25 (24.75)	14(13.86)	9 (8.91)
	Over 65	6 (23.08)	4 (15.38)	3(11.54)	7(26.92)	6(23.08)
Educational status	Illiterate	4 (26.67)	5 (33.33)	3(20.0)	1(6.67)	2(13.33)	0.046
	Literate	3 (14.29)	8(38.1)	4 (19.05)	4(19.05)	2 (9.52)
	Primary school	6 (17.65)	1(2.94)	5(14.71)	4(11.76)	18 (52.94)
	Secondary	18(24.0)	20 (26.67)	11(14.67)	7 (9.33)	19 (25.33)
	University	11(12.36)	6 (6.74)	38 (50.67)	17 (19.10)	17 (19.10)
Marital status	Single	21 (35.60)	9 (15.25)	6 (10.17)	6(10.17)	17 (28.81)	0.012
	Married	6 (4.44)	14 (10.37)	20 (14.81)	45(33.33)	50 (37.04)
	Widows	1(4.0)	2 (8.0)	8 (32.0)	11(44.0)	3 (12.0)
	Divorced	1(6.67)	1 (6.67)	6 (4.0)	4 (26.67)	3 (20.0)
Family size	1–3	21(24.71)	9 (10.59)	8 (9.41)	18 (21.18)	29(34.12)	0.003
	4–6	4 (4.12)	12 (12.37)	14 (14.43)	33 (34.02)	34 (35.05)
	Over 6	6 (11.54)	5 (9.62)	18 (34.62)	15(28.85)	8 (15.38)
Smoking	Yes	33(39.29)	19 (22.62)	13 (15.48)	9 (10.71)	10 (11.90)	0.96
	No	43 (28.67)	35 (23.33)	31 (20.67)	14 (9.33)	17 (11.33)
Chronic disease	Asthma	3 (42.86)	1(14.29)	1(14.29)	1(14.29)	1(14.29)	0.036
	Cancer	5(45.45)	1 (9.09)	1(9.09)	3 (27.27)	1(9.09)
	Heart disease	4 (30.78)	4(30.78)	3(23.08)	1(7.69)	1(7.69)
	Diabetes	30 (33.33)	29 (32.22)	13(14.44)	8 (8.89)	9 (10.0)
	Liver disease	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1 (100.0)
	Hypertension	28(32.56)	23 (26.74)	21(24.42)	10 (11.63)	4 (4.65)
	Kidney disease	4(15.38)	5 (19.23)	3 (11.54)	3(11.54)	11(42.31)
Employment status	Employ	20 (9.95)	54 (26.87)	43 (21.39)	38 (18.91)	46 (22.89)	0.028
	Non-Employ	11(33.33)	4 (12.12)	5 (15.15)	5 (15.15)	8 (24.24)
Information Source about COVID-19	T.V and radio	10 (8.55)	38 (32.49)	27 (23.08)	21 (17.95)	21 (17.95)	0.038
	Social media	6 (6.74)	19 (21.35)	18 (20.22)	21(23.60)	25 (28.09)
	Health workers	11(39.29)	5 (17.86)	4 (14.29)	3 (10.71)	5 (17.86)
Residence	Urban	68 (32.38)	55 (26.19)	40 (19.05)	27 (12.86)	20 (9.52)	0.279
	Rural	4 (16.67)	5(20.83)	3 (12.5)	5 (20.83)	7(29.17)