Hypertension and Its Associated Factors Among Cancer Patients at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic, Behavioral, Dietary, and Cancer-Related Clinical Characteristics of Adult Cancer Patients at Oncology Unit in University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia, 2021

Variables	Category	Frequency	Percent (%)
Age	18–37	65	16.9
	38–57	218	56.8
	>57	101	26.3
Sex	Male	187	48.7
	Female	197	51.3
Residence	Urban	136	35.6
	Rural	246	64.4
Marital status	Single	44	11.5
	Married	191	49.7
	Divorced	73	19.0
	Widowed	76	19.8
Religion	Orthodox	243	63.3
	Muslim	91	23.7
	Protestant	45	11.7
	Others	5	1.3
Occupational status	Farmer	144	37.5
	Merchant	82	21.4
	Government employee	119	31.0
	Others	39	10.1
Average monthly income	Low	112	29.2
	Medium	248	64.6
	High	24	6.2
Cigarette smoking	Yes	62	16.2
	No	322	83.8
Alcohol user	Yes	227	59.1
	No	157	40.9
Chewing chat	Yes	105	27.3
	No	279	72.7
Do you use oil	Yes	374	97.4
	No	10	2.6
Frequency of oil utilization in a week	2–3 times	6	1.6
	4–6 times	53	14.2
	> 6 times	314	84.2
Types of oil used	Cruddy oil	122	32.6
	Liquid oil	172	46.0
	Butter	80	21.4
Levels of physical exercise	High or vigorous	50	13.0
	Moderate	132	34.4
	Poor	202	52.6
BMI (kg/m^2)	Underweight	47	12.2
	Normal	310	80.8
	Overweight	27	7.0
Central obesity	Yes	74	19.3
	No	310	80.7
Positive family history of HTN	Yes	72	18.8
	No	312	81.2
Diagnosed diabetes mellitus	Yes	64	16.7
	No	320	83.3
Started medication for diabetes mellitus	Yes	38	9.9
	No	346	90.1
Positive family history of diabetes mellitus	Yes	34	8.9
	No	350	91.1
Types of cancer	Lung	16	4.2
	Gynecologic related cancer	114	29.7
	Hematologic cancer	60	15.6
	Gastrointestinal	58	15.1
	Skin	13	3.4
	Others	123	32
Stages of cancer	Stage I	223	58.1
	Stage II	70	18.2
	Stage III	54	14.1
	Stage IV	37	9.6
Cancer metastasis	Yes	120	31.3
	No	264	68.7
Cancer treatment	Yes	317	82.5
	No	67	17.5
Treatment modalities of cancer (n=317)	Chemotherapy only	80	25.2
	Surgery only	123	38.8
	Surgery and chemotherapy	114	36
Duration of cancer treatment in months (n=317)	≤3	139	43.9
	4–6	104	32.8
	≥7	74	23.3

Table 2 Bivariable Analysis for Factors Associated with HTN Among Adult Cancer Patients at Oncology Unit in University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia, 2021

Variables	Category	Hypertension		COR (95% CI)	P- value
		Yes	No
Age	18–37	9(13.8%)	56(86.2%)	1	1
	38–57	73(33.5%)	145(66.5%)	3.1(1.5, 6.7)	0.003
	>57	57(56.4%)	44(43.6%)	8.1(3.6, 18.1)	0
Marital status	Single	8(18.2%)	36(81.8%)	0.5(0.2, 1.2)	0.11
	Married	58(30.4%)	133(69.6%)	1	1
	Divorced	32(43.8%)	42(56.2%)	1.8(1.1, 3.1)	0.04
	Widowed	41(54%)	35(46%)	2.7(1.6, 4.6)	0
Alcohol intake	Yes	89(39.2%)	138(60.8%)	1.4(0.9, 2.1)	0.14
	No	50(31.8)	107(68.2%)	1	1
Cigarette smoking	Yes	21(33.9%)	41(66.1%)	0.9(0.5,1.6)	0.66
	No	118(36.6%)	204(63.4%)	1	1
Chewing chat	Yes	40(38.1%)	65(61.9%)	1.1(0.7,1.8)	0.63
	No	99(35.5%)	180(64.5%)	1
BMI (kg/m^2)	Underweight	14(29.8%)	33(70.2%)	1	1
	Normal	116(37.4%)	194(62.6%)	1.4(07, 2.7)	0.3
	Overweight	9(33.3%)	18(66.7%)	1.2(0.4,3.2)	0.7
Central obesity	Yes	31(41.9%)	43(58.1%)	1.4(0.8,2.5)	0.25
	No	108(34.8%)	202(65.2%)	1
Family history of HTN	Yes	59(81.9%)	13(18.1%)	13.2(6.9, 25.2)	0
	No	80(25.6%)	232(74.4%)	1	1
Diagnosed diabetes mellitus	Yes	34(53.1%)	30(46.9%)	2.3(1.4, 4.0)	0.002
	No	105(32.8%)	215(67.2%)	1	1
Family history of diabetes mellitus	Yes	20(58.8%)	14(41.2%)	2.8(1.4, 5.7)	0.005
	No	119(43%)	231(66%)	1	1
Cancer metastasis	Yes	51(42.5%)	69(57.5%)	1.5(0.9, 2.3)	0.084
	No	88(33.3%)	176(66.7%)	1
Cancer treatment	Yes	114(36%)	203(64)	0.9(0.5.1.6)	0.83
	No	25(37.3%)	42(62.7%)	1	1

Table 3 Multivariable Analysis for Factors Associated with HTN Among Adult Cancer Patients at Oncology Unit in University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia, 2021

Variables	Category	Hypertension		COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)
		Yes	No
Age	18–37	9	56	1	1
	38–57	73	145	3.1(1.5, 6.7) *	2.7(0.9, 7.4)
	>57	57	44	8.1(3.6, 18.1) **	5.0(1.7, 14.9)*
Marital status	Single	8	36	0.5(0.2, 1.2)	0.8(0.3, 3.0)
	Married	58	133	1	1
	Divorced	32	42	1.8(1.1, 3.1) *	1.6(0.8, 3.0)
	Widowed	41	35	2.7(1.6, 4.6) **	1.8(0.9, 3.6)
Alcohol intake	Yes	89	138	1.4(0.9, 2.1)	1.0(0.6, 1.7)
	No	50	107	1	1
Family history of HTN	Yes	59	13	13.2(6.9, 25.2) **	10.9(5.5, 21.6)**
	No	80	232	1	1
Diagnosed diabetes mellitus	Yes	34	30	2.3(1.4, 4.0) *	1.5(0.6, 4.0)
	No	105	215	1	1
Family history of diabetes mellitus	Yes	20	14	2.8(1.4, 5.7) *	1.2(0.4, 4.1)
	No	119	231	1	1
Cancer metastasis	Yes	51	69	1.5(0.9, 2.3)	1.1(0.7, 1.9)
	No	88	176	1

Notes: 1=reference category, * Statistically significant at p<0.05, ** p-value <0.001.