Public Attitude Towards COVID-19 Vaccination: Validation of COVID-Vaccination Attitude Scale (C-VAS)

Figures & data

Figure 1 Diagrammatical representation of the data collection process.

Table 1 Factor Extraction Results

S.No.	Factors	Codes	Item Source	Factor Loading	Cronbach Alpha
Perceived Risk
1	If I get vaccinated, I will have a lesser chance of getting COVID-19 infection	PR_1	Interview	0.899	0.932
2	If more people in a society get vaccinated, the number of people getting COVID-19 infection will be reduced	PR_2	Interview	0.878
3	If more people in a society get vaccinated, the number of people getting COVID-19 infection will be reduced	PR_3	Interview	0.877
4	COVID −19 can be controlled if more people get vaccinated	PR_4	Interview	0.868
5	Those who get vaccinated prevent transmission of the disease to other family members.	PR_5	Interview	0.824
Perceived Severity
6	If I do not get vaccinated and catch COVID-19 infection, then disease will be more severe as compared to any vaccinated person	PS_1	Yaqub et al.(2014)^Citation3	0.872	0.942
7	If I do not get vaccinated and catch COVID −19 infection, I might suffer from other health problems also	PS_2	Interview	0.856
8	COVID-19 infection causes minor illness only	PS_3	Interview	0.826
9	People who exercise and eat healthy foods do not get serious COVID infection	PS_4	Interview	0.824
10	Illness related to COVID infection can be prevented by taking herbal medicines	PS_5	Yaqub et al.(2014)^Citation3	0.824
Perceived Benefits
11	A vaccinated person is fully protected against COVID-19 disease.	PBen_1	Yaqub et al.(2014)^Citation3	0.858	0.901
12	Getting my-self vaccinated will protect others from the COVID-19 infection/ disease also.	PBen_2	Yaqub et al.(2014)^Citation3	0.823
13	Vaccination is the safest way to protect oneself from COVID-19 infection/ disease	PBen_3	Yaqub et al.(2014)^Citation3	0.817
14	Safety and effectiveness of the available COVID-19 vaccine is proven by extensive research	PBen_4	Interview	0.789
15	Available COVID-19 vaccine does not contain harmful substances	PBen_5	Interview	0.710
Perceived Barriers
16	I do not have any information about the COVID-19 vaccines. (such as what type of vaccines and where, when and how these vaccines are administered	PBar_1	Magadmi et al, (2020)^Citation44	0.859	0.941
17	I think COVID-19 vaccination may have some conflict with my religious beliefs.	PBar_2	Yaqub et al, (2014)^Citation3	0.828
18	I am concerned about the COVID-19 vaccine’s side/ adverse effects	PBar_3	Dube et al, (2015)^Citation38	0.824
19	Based on my sources of information I am suspicious about the COVID-19 vaccination	PBar_4	Interview	0.807
20	I do not need the vaccine if I take all precautions such wear mask, social distancing etc.	PBar_5	Interview	0.800
21	I do not need the vaccine as I am very healthy	PBar_6	Yaquib et al, (2014)^Citation3	0.796
22	I prefer not to get vaccinated as I needles scare me	PBar_7	Magadmi et al, (2020)^Citation44	0.760
23	COVID-19 is a hoax, there is no reality in it	PBar_8	Magadmi et al, (2020)^Citation44	0.671
Health Motivation
24	Everyone should follow the immunization schedule recommended or made compulsory by the Government	HM_1	Magadmi et al, (2020)^Citation44	0.860	0.890
25	I will get vaccinated, if my physician recommends me	HM_2	Yaquib et al, (2014)^Citation3	0.845
26	I will get vaccinated, if more research studies show that the vaccine is safe and effective.	HM_3	Yaquib et al, (2014)^Citation3	0.741
27	I will get vaccinated, if my friends/community leaders/relatives get vaccinated and recommend it	HM_4	Yaquib et al, (2014)^Citation3	0.736
28	I will get vaccinated if I have access to trustworthy information regarding the different aspects of COVID-19	HM_5	Magadmi et al, (2020)^Citation44	0.669

Table 2 Convergent and Discriminant Validity Results

Constructs	Reliability (CR)	Average Variance Estimate (AVE)	Maximum Shared Variance (MSV)	Average Shared Variance (ASV)	Convergent Validity	Discriminant Validity
Health Motivation	0.890	0.623	0.263	0.156	Yes	Yes
Perceived Risk	0.936	0.744	0.147	0.077	Yes	Yes
Perceived Benefits	0.899	0.641	0.339	0.172	Yes	Yes
Perceived Severity	0.943	0.767	0.339	0.177	Yes	Yes
Perceived Barriers	0.940	0.663	0.263	0.175	Yes	Yes

Note: Source: Microsoft Excel based Validity Concerns Toolkit.

Figure 2 Initial measurement model.

Table 3 Model Fit Indices Value

Indices	Recommended Value	Initial Model	Final Model
CFI	≥ 0.95	0.925	0.965
GFI	≥ 0.95	0.803	0.906
AGFI	≥ 0.80	0.714	0.886
TLI	≥ 0.90	0.910	0.963
CMIN/df (normed chi square)	<3	2.95	1.96
RMSEA	≤ 0.05	0.05	0.041
P- close	≥ 0.05	0.030	0.95

Abbreviations: CFI, comparative fit index; GFI, goodness-of-fit index; AGFI, adjusted goodness-of-fit index; TLI, Tucker Lewis index; RMSEA, root mean square error of approximation.

Figure 3 Final measurement model.

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