Physical Therapists’ Role in Health and Wellness Promotion for People with Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Description Study Conducted in Saudi Arabia

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic and Descriptive Data for the 150 Participants

	Number (%)
Age, years
≤ 30	78 (52)
31–40	61 (41)
40	11 (7)
Gender
Male	105 (70)
Female	45 (30)
Highest educational level
Bachelor	80 (53)
Masters	37 (25)
Doctorate	32 (21)
Work experience, years
≤ 5	84 (56)
6–15	55 (37)
> 15	11 (7)
Perceived adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviors
Non-smoker	112 (75)
Physically active	70 (47)
Healthy diet	51 (34)
Healthy sleep routine	54 (36)
Correct posture and lifting technique	84 (56)

Table 2 Education/Training the Participants Had Received and Assessments Undertaken Regarding Lifestyle Behaviors and Risk Factors

	Number (%)
Received education/training in management of:	n = 78
Physical activity	66 (85)
Reducing cardiovascular risk	51 (65)
Managing blood pressure	43 (55)
Stress management	34 (44)
Nutritional advice	31 (40)
Sleep management	23 (30)
Smoking cessation	16 (20)
Motivational interviewing	37 (47)
Patient educational strategies	40 (51)
Always to usually Assessed lifestyle behaviors and risk factors include:	n = 118
Physical activity	101 (85)
Correct posture	93 (80)
Weight and body mass index	64 (54)
Family history of cardiovascular disease and diabetes	63 (54)
Stress and psychological status	57 (48)
Blood pressure	45 (40)
Hydration and fluid intake	33 (22)
Sleep quality and quantity	41 (35)
Smoking history	41 (35)
Diet	38 (33)

Figure 1 Participants’ (n = 118) level of confidence level at assessing lifestyle behaviors and risk factors.

Figure 2 Participants’ (n = 98) frequency of advising patients about lifestyle behaviors and risk factors.

Figure 3 Participants’ (n = 85) perception of priority of addressing lifestyle behaviors and risk factors.

Figure 4 Rating of the significance of potential barriers to providing health and wellness promotion (n=78).

Table 3 Simple Logistic Regressions for the Effect of Age, Gender, and Experience on the Likelihood That Participants Assess Smoking, Diet, Sleep, Stress/Psychological Status, and Physical Activity/Exercise

Assessing Smoking with Musculoskeletal Patients	Odds Ratio	95% CI (Lower Limit)	95% CI (Upper Limit)	p-value
Age	1.05	0.82	1.35	0.71
Gender (Male vs female)	1.16	0.49	2.78	0.74
Experience (years)	1.04	0.80	1.35	0.77
Assessing diet with MSK patients
Age	0.90	0.69	1.17	0.42
Gender (Male vs female)	0.46	0.20	1.08	0.46
Experience (years)	0.90	0.69	1.19	0.47
Assessing sleep quantity/quality with musculoskeletal patients
Age	0.93	0.72	1.21	0.59
Gender (Male vs female)	0.46	0.20	1.05	0.07
Experience (years)	0.97	0.74	1.26	0.81
Assessing stress/psychological status with musculoskeletal patients
Age	1.01	0.80	1.30	0.91
Gender (Male vs female)	0.49	0.21	1.13	0.10
Experience (years)	0.97	0.75	1.24	0.80
Assessing physical activity/exercise with musculoskeletal patients
Age	0.74	0.54	1.03	0.08
Gender (Male vs female)	0.33	0.71	1.54	0.16
Experience (years)	0.77	0.55	1.09	0.14