Figures & data
Figure 1 Overview of intestinal flora metabolites and cardiovascular diseases.Citation84
![Figure 1 Overview of intestinal flora metabolites and cardiovascular diseases.Citation84](/cms/asset/f7e5cc45-4054-4a8f-8f25-bed878cf8cc6/djmd_a_12152968_f0001_c.jpg)
Figure 2 Metabolic process of TMAO in vivo. Metabolism of TMAO: (I) TMA is absorbed into blood and oxidized to TMAO; (II) Excretion pathway of TMAO and other metabolites; (III) Metabolic reversal.Citation15,Citation21–23
![Figure 2 Metabolic process of TMAO in vivo. Metabolism of TMAO: (I) TMA is absorbed into blood and oxidized to TMAO; (II) Excretion pathway of TMAO and other metabolites; (III) Metabolic reversal.Citation15,Citation21–23](/cms/asset/59706b5c-3b2d-43c7-be57-efe9330639b7/djmd_a_12152968_f0002_c.jpg)
Figure 3 Multiple mechanisms of TMAO involved in CVD. (I) Delaying the action time of Ang - II, leading to continuous arterial spasm and activating MMP-2 pathway and ET-1; (II) Increase the expression of downstream inflammatory factors and ET-1 through MAPK pathway; (III) Activate TGF- β/ Smad pathway mediates fibrosis; (IV) Affect platelet function, increase blood lipid and blood viscosity.Citation25–33
![Figure 3 Multiple mechanisms of TMAO involved in CVD. (I) Delaying the action time of Ang - II, leading to continuous arterial spasm and activating MMP-2 pathway and ET-1; (II) Increase the expression of downstream inflammatory factors and ET-1 through MAPK pathway; (III) Activate TGF- β/ Smad pathway mediates fibrosis; (IV) Affect platelet function, increase blood lipid and blood viscosity.Citation25–33](/cms/asset/c8bf8da6-7e0e-4e0b-ad7a-c3f493834852/djmd_a_12152968_f0003_c.jpg)