Perceptions on Data Quality, Use, and Management Following the Adoption of Tablet-Based Electronic Health Records: Results from a Pre–Post Survey with District Health Officers in Ghana

Figures & data

Table 1 Comparison of Demographic Characteristics (Volta and Eastern Regions) and Internet Connection Environment (Pre and Post)

			Volta (n=40)	Eastern (n=33)	p-value (Chi-square)
			N (%)
Sex		Male	21 (52%)	19 (57%)	0.665
		Female	19 (48%)	14 (43%)
Education level		Diploma	20 (50%)	16 (48%)	0.893
		Bachelor’s Degree	18 (45%)	16 (48%)
		Master’s Degree	2 (5%)	1 (4%)
Position		DHIO	21 (52%)	23 (70%)	0.255
		DPHN	18 (45%)	10 (30%)
		Other	1 (3%)	0
Age			Mean (SD)		p-value (Mann–Whitney U-test)
			39.6 (9.5)	37.7 (9.0)	0.559
The internet connection at the office is stable (n=67)			Post		p-value (McNemar’s test)
			Yes	No	0.763
Pre		Yes	31 (46%)	5 (8%)
		No	6 (9%)	25 (37%)

Abbreviations: DHIO, district health information officer; DPHN, district public health nurse; SD, standard deviation.

Table 2 Comparison of Pre- and Post-Survey Results on Data Quality

The Level of Accuracy for MCH Data is Different Across CHPS. (n=72)			Post		p-value (McNemar’s test)
			Yes	No
Pre	Yes		19 (26%)	18 (25%)	0.866
	No		17 (24%)	18 (25%)
The MCH data from CHPS are reliable. (n=73)					0.074
Pre	Yes		45 (62%)	6 (8%)
	No		14 (19%)	8 (11%)
The MCH data from CHPS are timely. (n=73)					1.0
Pre	Yes		58 (80%)	6 (8%)
	No		6 (8%)	3 (4%)
The MCH data from CHPS are accurate. (n=73)					0.808
Pre	Yes		49 (67%)	9 (12%)
	No		8 (11%)	7 (10%)
The MCH data from CHPS are accurate. (n=73)					0.134
Pre	Yes		44 (60%)	5 (7%)
	No		11 (15%)	13 (18%)
Important MCH data are not collected from CHPS. (n=71)					0.197D
Pre	Yes		1 (1%)	10 (14%)
	No		5 (7%)	55 (78%)

Abbreviations: MCH, maternal and child health; CHPS, community-based health and planning services.

Table 3 Comparison of Pre- and Post-Survey Results on Data Use for Various Tasks Over the Past Month

Task 1. Designing Maternal Health Interventions (n=58) Not Compiled the Data for That Task (n=4); No Response (n=11)			Post		p-value (McNemar’s test)
			Yes	Yes
Pre	Yes		24 (41%)	5 (9%)	0.059
	No		13 (22%)	16 (28%)
Task 2. Designing child health interventions (n=68) Not compiled the data for that task (n=5)					0.297
Pre	Yes		23 (34%)	9 (13%)
	No		14 (21%)	22 (32%)
Task 3. Designing family planning interventions (n=66) Not compiled the data for that task (n=7)					0.201
Pre	Yes		26 (40%)	8 (12%)
	No		14 (21%)	18 (27%)
Task 4. Requesting for the vaccines needed for the district (n=56) Not compiled the data for that task (n=15); No response (n=2)					0.035*
Pre	Yes		39 (70%)	9 (16%)
	No		2 (4%)	6 (10%)
Task 5. Providing guidance to CHPS for correction of data error (n=70) Not compiled the data for that task (n=3)					0.285
Pre	Yes		54 (77%)	9 (13%)
	No		5 (7%)	2 (3%)
Task 6. Evaluating performance of CHN/CHO or midwives (n=67) Not compiled the data for that task (n=6)					0.071
Pre	Yes		49 (73%)	4 (6%)
	No		11 (17%)	3 (4%)
Task 7. Writing a research proposal on MCH (n=44) Not compiled the data for that task (n=28); No response (n=1)					0.251
Pre	Yes		4 (9%)	7 (16%)
	No		12 (27%)	21 (48%)

Note: *p-value<0.05.

Abbreviations: CHPS, community-based health and planning services; CHN, community health nurse; CHO, community health officer; MCH, maternal and child health.

Table 4 Comparison of Pre- and Post-Survey Results on Efficiency in Data Management Practice Over the Past Month

Percentage of Delayed Monthly Reports from CHPS (n=46)			p-value (Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test)
	N (%)	Mean changes in percentage (SD)	0.972
Decreased	12 (26%)	−13.0 (12.7)
Not changed	22 (48%)	0
Increased	12 (26%)	22.0 (28.3)
Hours spent on MCH data validation (n=56)			0.027*
		Mean changes in hours during last month (SD)
Decreased	31 (54.5%)	−9.0 (14.2)
Not changed	9 (16.4%)	0
Increased	16 (29.1%)	19.0 (47.7)
Minutes spent on generating vaccination coverage data (n=54)			0.05*
		Mean changes in minutes during last month (SD)
Decreased	27 (50%)	−18.0 (19.4)
Not changed	14 (25.9%)	0
Increased	13 (24.1%)	59.0 (112.1)
Minutes spent on generating antenatal care coverage data (n=47)			0.047*
		Mean changes in minutes during last month (SD)
Decreased	25 (53.2%)	−17.4 (22.7)
Not changed	12 (25.5%)	0
Increased	10 (21.3%)	73.4 (125.3)
Days overworked due to MCH data management (n=35)			0.967
		Mean changes in days during last month (SD)
Decreased	13 (37.1%)	−6.8 (7.7)
Not changed	8 (22.9%)	0
Increased	14 (40%)	5.4 (5.7)

Note: *p-value<0.05.

Abbreviations: CHPS, community-based health and planning services; MCH, maternal and child health; SD, standard deviation.