Collaboration Between Physicians from Different Medical Specialties in Hospital Settings: A Systematic Review

Figures & data

Figure 1 PRISMA 2020 Flow Diagram.²⁰

Table 1 General Information on Categorization for Answering Questions on Inter-Physician Collaboration of the Included Studies (n = 63, in Chronological Order Based on Publication Year)

Reference	Study Characteristics					What we Learned About Inter-Physician Collaboration
	Country	Study Design	Terminology	Specialties	Study Purpose	Influencing Factors	Measurements	Outcomes
Luke & Thomson (1980)^Citation22	USA	Chart Review (n = 183)	Consultation	Not specified	Exploratory examination of informal relationships among physicians	Groups having same reimbursement mechanisms are more likely to consult one another	Consultation frequency	-
Nakao & Axelrod (1983)^Citation23	USA	Survey (n = 100)	Communication	Not specified	Explore consensus as to meaning of adjectives and adverbs used to express frequency in the medical literature	Greater commonality of meaning among native (English) speakers	Communication interpretation	-
Ferguson & Rubinstien (1987)^Citation24	USA	Chart Review / Interviews (n = 85)	Consultation	Surgery/ Internal Medicine	Examine the practice of preoperative medical consultations in community hospital setting	-	Consultation quality	Changes in patient management (medication, laboratory test, procedure, anesthesia)
Leonard, Babbs, and Creed (1990)^Citation25	UK	Survey (n = 110)	Communication	Psychiatry	Examine written communication between psychiatrists and other hospital doctors	Preference for clear referral letters of about one page long with highlighted main points. Many physicians would like a personal discussion	-	-
Akre, Falkum, Hoftvedt, and Aasland (1997)^Citation26	Norway	Survey (n = 2628)	Communication	Not specified	Explore perceived communication atmosphere between physician colleagues in various arenas of Norwegian health care	Low degree of autonomy and high degree of stress are associated with interpersonal relationships not conducive to learning and coping	Communication atmosphere	-
Katz et al (1998)^Citation27	USA	Survey (n = 396)	Consultation	Cardiology/ Surgery/ Anesthesiology	Ascertain what surgeons, anesthesiologists and cardiologists is important to obtain from a cardiology consultation and the effect of cardiologists’ recommendations on perioperative management	-	Consultation quality	Changes based on recommendations in preoperative and postoperative management, not in intraoperative management
Madjar et al (2001)^Citation3	USA	Survey (n = 229)	Collaboration	Urologists / Gynecologists	Examine differences among urologists and gynecologists’ treatments and to characterize the collaboration between them	Statistically significant correlation between extent of collaboration and specialty and between degree of collaboration and country of practice	Collaboration (frequency, when, reasons not)	-
Dukerich, Golden, and Shortell (2002)^Citation28	USA	Focus Groups/ Survey (n = 1504)	Cooperation	Not specified	Examine relationships among physicians’ organizational identification and cooperative behaviors	Organizational identification is positively related to engaging in cooperative behaviors.	Cooperative behaviors	-
Aminzadeh et al (2003)^Citation6	Iran	Chart Review (n = 110)	Consultation	Infectious disease specialist	Analyze current referral letters which request infectious disease consultation to improve consultation based on medical records	-	Referral letter content	Reduction of unnecessary and inadequate antibiotic use
Stoller & Striet (2003)^Citation29	USA	Survey (n = 181)	Consultation	Medicine / Surgery / Pediatrics	Assess clinicians’ views on the determinants of effective inpatient consultation and the existing process of inpatient consultation	Direct physician-to-physician communication is valued when requesting and responding to an inpatient consult	Consultation value; Consultation satisfaction	-
Conley, Jordan, and Ghali, (2009)^Citation30	Canada	Chart Review (n = 188)	Consultation	Internal medicine	Determine percentage of consultation requests from general internal medicine that pose a clear clinical question to medical subspecialists, assess frequency of direct communication and describe differences in consultation process by subspecialty	Differences between subspecialties were seen (frequency consulted, urgency, direct contact) although not statistically significant	Consultation content	-
Hess, Lynn, Holmboe, and Lipner (2009)^Citation31	USA	Survey (n = 803)	Consultation Communication	Not specified	Evaluate a tool called the ‘communication with referring physicians practice improvement module’ which assesses and encourages improved communication among physician consultants and referring physicians	Consultants’ communication were modestly associated with their gender and type of medicine subspecialty.	Communication quality	-
Apker et al (2010)^Citation32	USA	Tool development based on discourse analysis	Handoff Communication	Emergency / General Medicine	Develop and evaluate a handoff communication assessment tool.	-	Handoff content and language	-
Boulware, Dekarske, and Filice (2010)^Citation33	USA	Survey (n = 323)	Consultation	Not specified	Learn physicians’ preferences for elements of an ideal inpatient medical consultation	Recommendations for effective consultation, first priority clearly state a question	-	-
Molleman et al (2010)^Citation9	Netherlands	Survey (n = 1827)	Multidisciplinary Team Meeting	Not specified	Examine consequences for medical specialits of participating in multidisciplinary medical team meetings in terms of perceived clinical autonomy, domain distinctiveness, and professional accountability	-	Involvement in multidisciplinary medical teams	Physicians more involved in multidisciplinary team meetings feel less clinical autonomy and more accountable to other specialties
Gasiorek & van de Poel (2012)^Citation34	Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Belgium	Survey (n = 188)	Communication	Not specified	Explore language-discordant mobile medical professionals’ interactions with other doctors across contexts.	A mobile medical professional have issues with communication including difficulty with small talk, pronunciation, nonverbal communication and related cultural norms. They are less confident speaking to superiors than speaking to peers	-	-
Kessler et al (2012)^Citation35	USA	Prospective randomized study (n = 43)	Consultation	Emergency / General Medicine	Evaluate whether a standardized consultation model in the emergency department would improve physicians’ ability to relay appropriate information and communicate successfully during consultation	Residents trained in using a standardized model for clinical consultation received higher ratings for their effectiveness. No natural progression in consulting skills with increased experience was shown	Consultation effectiveness rating	-
Kirschbaum (2012)^Citation36	USA	Survey (n = 58)	Communication	Surgery / Anesthesiology	Examine communication variables that are associated with face-negotiation theory in a sample of operating-room physicians	Differences between the two groups of operating room-physicians which may result in different communication patterns. Both groups recognize the importance of collaboration as surgical team members	Factors underlying to communication (independence, interdependence, self-concern, awareness of others, conflict style)	-
Kirschbaum, Rask, Brennan, Phelan, and Fortner (2012)^Citation37	USA	Pre- and posttest survey (n = 44)	Communication	Obstetrics / Anesthesiology	Determine effectiveness of multidisciplinary team training on organizational culture and team communication	Nonsignificnat variance between obstetricians and anesthesiologists. Significant variance from pretest and posttest suggesting the training used in the study can improve communication for more effective collaboration	Factors underlying to communication (independence, interdependence, self-concern, awareness of others, conflict style)	-
Orchard, King, Khalili, and Bezzina (2012)^Citation38	Canada	Tool development based on literature review	Collaboration	Not specified	Develop, test, and refine the assessment of interprofessional team collaboration scale	-	Discrete elements of interprofessional care (partnership, shared decision making, cooperation, coordination)	-
Carr et al (2013)^Citation7	USA	Rotation evaluation / Program leadership meetings / Survey (n =26)	Co-management	Pediatrics / Surgery	Describe a 5-year experience with a co-management model in a pediatric residency program	The dyadic model of transition led to positive changes in self-assessed preparedness to provide transition care and engage colleagues around the care of shared patients	-	Increased knowledge and trust between pediatric residents and surgeons
Nayak, Beaulieu, Rubin, Jafi, & Lipson (2013)^Citation39	USA	Survey (n = 160)	Communication	Radiology	Identify referring physicians’ preferences about radiology reports and quantify perceived value of multimedia reports compared with narrative text reports	Radiology reports with embedded images are viewed favorably with potential for beneficial outcomes	-	-
Pimmer, Mateescu, Zahn, and Genewein (2013)^Citation40	Switzerland	Experiment (n =42)	Communication	Medical students	Determine the effects of different synchronous smartphone-based modes of communication	Simple integration of images did not lead to improved knowledge gains, whereas images with guided noticing did. Integrating images was significantly more positive evaluated for support than only speech.	-	-
Uddin, Hamra, and Hossain (2012)^Citation41	Australia	Data analysis (n = 85)	Collaboration	Not specified	Determine the effect of collaboration networks among healthcare professionals on patients’ medical condition	-	Social network analysis	In hospitals were physicians are on average less strong connected there are higher readmission rates and higher costs than in hospitals where physicians have a strong connection.
Uddin, Hossain, Hamra, and Alam (2013)^Citation42	Australia	Data analysis (n = 85)	Collaboration	Not specified	Explore physician collaborations using measures of social network analysis and exponential random graph model	-	Social network analysis	Increased links among physicians, more relationships to maintain is positively correlated with hospitalisation cost and readmission rate. In network with small number of actors with a major collaboration and communication role is correlated with lower hospitalisation cost and readmission rate
Anthoine, Delmas, Coutherut, and Moret (2014)^Citation43	France	Tool development based on literature review / professional panel	Communication	Not specified	Develop and test psychometric properties of the communication and sharing information scale which assesses specifically interprofessional communication	-	Sharing of medical information, effectiveness communication	-
Bruckel et al (2014)^Citation44	USA	Survey (n = 43)	Collaboration	Cardiology / Cardiac Surgery	Assess the prevalence of Heart Teams and their association with collaboration in routine practice	Improved subjective collaboration between surgeons and cardiologists at institutions with case conferences and heart teams	Collaboration (existence, satisfaction)	-
Gupta (2014)^Citation45	UK	Pre- and posttest data analysis (n = 494)	Multidisciplinary Team Work	Geriatrics / Orthopedic Surgery	Assess impact of a geriatrician-led comprehensive and collaborative hip fracture care on hip fracture outcomes	Care model improves multidisciplinary teamwork between geriatrician and orthopaedic surgeon	-	Significant reduction in time to surgery and in hospital length of stay
Kessler et al (2014)^Citation46	USA	Survey (n = 760)	Handoff	Emergency / General Medicine	Describe current status of inpatient handoff, describe training of resident on inpatient handoff, assess opinion about best practices for inpatient handoff	Handoff factors identified as important include identifying high-risk patients, designating interrupted time to perform the handoff, and standardizing information provided during handoffs	-	-
Rosenkrantz, Kiritsy, and Kim (2014)^Citation47	USA	Survey (n = 49)	Communication	Several	Evaluate the degree of variability in clinicians’ interpretation of expressions used by radiologists to communicate their level of diagnostic confidence within radiological reports	-	Communication interpretation	-
Hewett, Watson, and Gallois (2014)^Citation48	Australia	Survey (n = 147) / Interviews (n = 10)	Communication	Not specified	Explore medical records through the lens of communication accommodation theory	Specialists asked to contribute to the care of patients under the care of another specialty underaccomodate when communicating with treating specialists	Communication understanding	-
Bradley et al (2015)^Citation15	UK	Survey (n = 606) / Focus group	Communication	Not specified	Explore experience with rude, dismissive and aggressive communication in hospitals	Seniority is relatively protective against rudeness. A subset of predictable specialties are more likely to be rude, dismissive, or aggressive in their communication. Happens becaus of workload, lack of support, culture	Frequency and effects of rude communication	When exposed to rude, dismissive, aggressive behavior mistakes are made endangering patient safety and making staff feel sad, angry and demotivated
Fatahi, Krupic, and Hellström (2015)^Citation49	Sweden	Focus groups	Consultation	Radiology	Study radiologists’ experiences of written and oral communication with referring clinicians and its potential implications for decision making and patient care	Radiologists emphasize sufficient use of a communication tool. And a preference for oral instead of written communication	-	-
Kirschbaum et al (2015)^Citation16)	USA	Pre- and posttest survey (n = 85)	Communication	Anesthesiology / Surgery / Obstetrics / Gynecology	Measure the effect of multidisciplinary communication training on latent variables of communication	Significant increase and decrease in scores supporting more participatory communication and teamwork after training, especially among surgical physicians. Variance in pre training scores of conflict style for each physician group. After training all physicians integrating style approximately same and higher than pre-training	Factors underlying to communication (independence, interdependence, self-concern, awareness of others, conflict style)	-
Mazurenko & Hearld (2015)^Citation50	USA	Survey (n = 4720)	Communication	Not specified	Examine the relationship between a medical practice’s external environment and physician engagement in communication activities	Higher income levels and an urban location are associated with higher odds of communication with other physicians	Time spent on communication	-
Sadigh et al (2015)^Citation51	USA	Survey (n = 200)	Consultation	Radiology	Evaluate referring physicians’ perceptions of multimedia-enhanced radiology reporting as an alternative to traditional text-only radiology reporting	Favorable opinions of added value of multimedia-enhanced reporting	Satisfaction	-
Smith et al (2015)^Citation52	USA	Survey (n = 126)	Handoff	Emergency / General Medicine	Assess physicians’ perceptions of the ED admission handoff process and identified potential barriers to safe patient care	-	Communication quality	Ineffective handoffs harm patients
Aripoli, Fishback, Morgan, Hill, and Robinson (2016)^Citation53	USA	Pre- and posttest survey (n = 115)	Collaboration	Radiology / Internal Medicine	Determine if incorporating radiology residents into clinical rounds would strengthen relationship between radiology residents and referring clinicians	Introduction of the ”radiology rounds” increased face-to-face communication and clinical collaboration	Collaboration (relationship initiation, trustsworthiness)	Perceived patient care benefits. Increased trust of referring clinicians in radiologists and increased credibility of radiological interpretations
Dickerson et al (2016)^Citation54	USA	Patient review (n = 100)	Communication	Radiology / Surgery	Determine if direct in-person communication between actue care surgical tam and radiologists alters surgical decision making	-	-	After multidisciplinary meeting discussing patients substantial changes in patient management, not due to different interpretation of imaging
Golab et al (2016)^Citation55	Poland	Case study	Communication	Surgery	Determine whether a 3D model helps to plan and perform a complicated surgery	The 3D model helped draft a surgical plan that was accepted by all surgical teams involved with urology and cardiac surgery teams	-	Using the 3D model increased patient safety, facilitated communication between surgical teams and reduced surgery duration
Gulacti, Lok, Hatipoglu, and Polat (2016)^Citation56	Turkey	Consultation observation (n = 519)	Consultation	Emergency medicine	Evaluate WhatsApp messenger usage for communication between consulting and emergency physicians	-	Consultation content	-
Heidemann et al (2016)^Citation57	USA	Pre- and posttest survey (n = 110)	Consultation	Not specified	Characterize the scope, identify root causes and implement a data-derived solution for the problems related to difficulty identifying correct consulting physicians	Introduction of a unified university hospital paging system	Satisfaction	Physicians concluded that the opportunity to contact the right physicians decreased adverse outcomes, increased satisfaction, improved the process, and decreased delays in patient care
Hollingsworth et al (2016)^Citation58	USA	Data analysis (n = 251630)	Teamwork	Not specified	Test whether teamwork among physicians is a determinant of surgical outcomes	-	Social network analysis	Higher levels of teamwork are associated with significantly improved clinical outcomes, lower readmission rates, less emergency department visits, and lower mortality
Junker et al (2016)^Citation59	Germany	Experiment (n = 7)	Consultation	Radiology / Urology	Evaluate the accuracy of PIC-MABP for locating suspicious prostate lesions when applied to mpMRI datasets	The PIC-MABP is a reliable system to enhance interdisciplinary communication of mpMRI findings between radiologist and urologist	Communication understanding	-
Landgren, Alawadi, Douma, Thomas, and Etchegaray (2016)^Citation60	USA	Survey (n = 88)	Communication Speaking up	Pediatrics	Examine reasons reported by pediatric residents for not speaking up about safety events when they are observed in practice	Most common barrier to speaking up was a lack of interpersonal skills. Second most frequently reported reason for silence were related to safety of speaking up, including intimidation, fear of consequences and hierarchy concerns	Safety and team work culture	-
Shetty, Vaghasiya, Boddy, Byth, and Unwin (2016)^Citation61	Australia	Survey (n = 40)	Consultation	Emergency medicine	Determine frequency and factors influencing perceived incivility during emergency department phone calls	Women were more likely to report perceived incivility. Consultation made to surgical specialties carried increased risk for incivility compared to medical specialties though not reaching statistical significance. Consultation with radiology for imaging requests were associated with the highest risk for incivility.	Grading consultation (positive, neutral, negative)	-
Chung, Jasien, and Maslow (2017)^Citation62	USA	Pre- and posttest survey (n = 71)	Collaboration	Pediatrics / Internal medicine	Educational innovation to improve pediatrics and adult medicine residents’ interdisciplinary communication and collaboartion	Dyadic model with pediatrics and internal medicine for transition of patients with chronic medical illnessess, neurodevelopmental disorders and mental health conditions is well received	-	Dyadic model resulted in increased comfort in communicating with colleagues from other disciplines
Kapoor et al (2017)^Citation63	USA	Pre- and post data analysis (n = 363)	Collaboration	Intensivists	Report the impact of collaboration between cardiologists and noncardiac intensivists on CICU outcomes	The implementation of a collaborative cardiologist-intensivist management model increases communication between cardiologists and noncardiac intensivists	-	Implementation of a mandatory medical intensivist consultation resulted in decreased mortality, increased 28-day ventilator free days, significant reduced length of stay and reduction of hospitalization charge
Matta, Nunez-Atahualpa, and West (2017)^Citation64	USA	Call observation	Consultation	Radiology	Install a communication software that was customizable, to solve problems that radiologists encounter contacting other physicians	Implementing the software tool increased physicians satisfaction with radiologists; communication and availability	Satisfaction	-
Real, Fields-Elswick, and Bernard (2017)^Citation65	USA	Survey / Assessment (n = 51)	Communication	Several	Explore whether mindful residents perform better than their peers as members of the health care team	Communication had overall robust relationships with mindfulness	Communication (openness, voice, feedback)	-
Afifi, Person, & Haddad (2018)^Citation66	Israel	Pre- and post data analysis (n = 212)	Communication	Pathology / Surgery	Evaluate the impact of dialogue between surgeons and pathologists in lymph node evaluation	Initiation of a structured oncology service enhanced dialogue between surgeons and pathologists	-	The dialogue resulted in significant improved examination of lymph nodes, significantly improving the percentage of patients receiving adequate staging of their cancer
Bhatti, Brown, Kazerooni, & Davenport (2018)^Citation67	USA	Survey (n = 188)	Communication	Radiology	Explore sentiments of radiology and referring provider residents with respect to the delivery and receipt of directly communicated radiology test results	Referring residents prefer direct communication of radiology results even for non-urgent unexpected findings, whereas radiology residents prefer less direct communication
Gonzalez et al (2018)^Citation68	USA	Chart review (n = 1234)	Communication Handoff	Emergency / General Medicine	Develop and test a handoff communication tool and a standardized process for transitioning patients from emergency department to hospital inpatient service	Implementation of the developed handoff tool improved communication between specialties	Satisfaction with communication tool	Nonsignificant decrease in transfers to intensive care unit and number of rapid response team calls. Significant decrease in time to inpatient order. Satisfaction with the process improved confidence regarding accuracy and timeliness of information provided
Korbl, Wood, and Harvey (2018)^Citation69	Australia	Survey (n = 262)	Consultation	Pathology	Assess the attitudes of pathologists, dermatologists, surgeons and general practitioners as to what circumstances warrant telephone contact in addition to standard written report	-	Communication frequency Communication preferences	-
Macaluso et al (2018)^Citation70	Italy	Survey (n = 79)	Consultation	Pathology	Explore the interplay between clinicians and pathologists for the diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel diseases in clinical practice in Italy	The presence of a specified pathologists was higher in high-volume center s compared to low-volume centers. Clinical trials are also more frequent in high-volume centers.	General interplay	-
Smith et al (2018)^Citation71	USA	Pre- and post scoring (n = 110)	Handoff	Emergency / General Medicine	Evaluate impact of a structured communication strategy on the quality of admission handoffs	Introduction of standardized handoff process resulted in improvements in verbal handoff quality	Handoff content	Physicians perceive that higher quality handoffs will benefit patient care
Wetterauer et al (2019)^Citation72	Switzerland	Experiment (n = 200)	Communication Consultation	Radiology	Investigate whether newly developed structured reports of prostate magnetic resonance imaging can improve interdisciplinary communication as compared to non-structured reports	Potential of improved communication between radiologist and urologist by the use of structured reports	Communication understanding	Communication with structured reports leads to fewer mistakes and lower re-consultation rate
Bowen et al (2020)^Citation73	USA	Interview (n = 94)	Communication Handoff	Not specified	Clarify in what situations and for what reasons current physicians do or do not communicate with transferring physicians about transitioned patients for whom transferring physicians are no longer responsible	Barriers to communication were structures such as opposite work schedules and competing patient care priorities, relationship factors such as hierarchy and previous challenging experiences, lack of communication culture. Changing clinical decision or uncertainty are opportunities for learning, but only uncertainty was significantly associated with communication	Communication frequency	-
Lama, Hogg, and Olson (2020)^Citation74	USA	Survey (n = 240)	Communication	Radiology	Compare and contrast the perceptions, experiences and other factors that influence communication behaviors about diagnostic errors between clinicians and radiologists	-	Communication frequency (diagnostic errors, feedback)	-
Noh et al (2020)^Citation75	Korea	Chart review (n = 152)	Collaboration	Surgery	Compare postoperative sinonasal quality of life and olfactory function in patients who underwent endoscopic pituitary surgery by a neurosurgeon or by a collaborative team of surgeons	-	-	Postoperative subjective and objective olfactory function was better for patients where operation was performed by collaborative team of surgeons. Quality of life was not significantly different for both groups
Shaarani et al (2020)^Citation76	Lebanon	Survey (n = 429)	Consultation	Not specified	Investigate the prevalence of WhatsApp use as an interprofessional communication tool among Lebanese physicians and explore the dimensions of its use	-	Frequency of using WhatsApp	-
Sheikh et al (2020)^Citation77	USA	Survey (n = 64)	Communication	Pathology	Survey dermatologists on how well pathologists communicate with them to assess which aspects of pathologists’ communication skills are deemed most significant stratified by practice type	University affiliated dermatologists used electronic medical records more often to communicate with pathologists. Satisfaction with mode of communication was not different at a statistically significant level between different practice types	Satisfaction (communication, quality, completeness)	-
Mascia, Rinninella, Pennacchio, Cerrito, and Gasbarrini (2021)^Citation78	Italy	Survey (n = 20) / Clinical data (n = 222)	Multidisciplinary team	Not specified	Describe patterns of face-to-face versus electronic-based communication networks and performance, measured as promptness of treatment implementation	Electronic communication tools, which are generally viewed as an efficient way to support knowledge exchange, can instead be detrimental, especially when tacit knowledge must be transferred in multidisciplinary teams	Frequency clustering	-

Figure 2 A visualization of influencing factors, measurement, and effects of interphysician collaboration.

Page, MJ, Moher, D, Bossuyt, PM, Boutron, I, Hoffmann, TC, Mulrow, CD, et al. PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372: n160

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Luke RD, Thomson MA. Group practice affiliation and interphysician consulting pattern within a community general hospital. J Health Soc Behav. 1980;21(4):334–344. doi:10.2307/2136410

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Nakao MA, Axelrod S. Numbers are better than words. Am J Med. 1983;74(6):1061–1065.

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Ferguson RP, Rubinstien E. Preoperative medical consultations in a community hospital. J Gen Intern Med. 1987;2(2):89–92. doi:10.1007/BF02596302

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Leonard I, Babbs C, Creed F. Psychiatric referrals within the hospital--The communication process. J R Soc Med. 1990;83(4):241–244. doi:10.1177/014107689008300413

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Akre V, Falkum E, Hoftvedt BO, Aasland OG. The communication atmosphere between physician colleagues: competitive perfectionism or supportive dialogue? A Norwegian study. Soc Sci Med. 1997;44(4):519–526. doi:10.1016/S0277-9536(96)00178-5

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Katz RI, Barnhart JM, Ho G, Hersch D, Dayan SS, Keehn L. A survey on the intended purposes and perceived utility of preoperative cardiology consultations. Anesth Analg. 1998;87(4):830–836. doi:10.1213/00000539-199810000-00016

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Madjar S, Evans D, Duncan RC, Gousse AE. Collaboration and practice patterns among urologists and gynecologists in the treatment of urinary incontinence and pelvic floor prolapse: a survey of the International Continence Society members. Neurourol Urodyn. 2001;20(1):3–11. doi:10.1002/1520-6777(2001)20:1<3::AID-NAU2>3.0.CO;2-V

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Dukerich JM, Golden BR, Shortell SM. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder: the impact of organizational identification, identity, and image on the cooperative behaviors of physicians. Adm Sci Q. 2002;47(3):507–533. doi:10.2307/3094849

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Aminzadeh Z, Salehpoor SH, Gachkar L. A Survey Of Request Of Consultation In. J Med Educ. 2003;4(1):215.

 Google Scholar

Stoller JK, Striet R. Inpatient consultation: results of a physician survey and a proposed improvement. J Healthc Qual. 2003;25(1):27–35. doi:10.1111/j.1945-1474.2003.tb01030.x

 PubMedGoogle Scholar

Conley J, Jordan M, Ghali WA. Audit of the consultation process on general internal medicine services. Qual Saf Health Care. 2009;18(1):59–62. doi:10.1136/qshc.2007.025486

 PubMedGoogle Scholar

Hess BJ, Lynn LA, Holmboe ES, Lipner RS. Toward better care coordination through improved communication with referring physicians. Acad Med. 2009;84(10 Suppl):S109–12. doi:10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181b37ac7

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Apker J, Mallak LA, Applegate EB. Exploring emergency physician-hospitalist handoff interactions: development of the Handoff Communication Assessment. Ann Emerg Med. 2010;55(2):161–170. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.09.021

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Boulware DR, Dekarske AS, Filice GA. Physician preferences for elements of effective consultations. J Gen Intern Med. 2010;25(1):25–30. doi:10.1007/s11606-009-1142-2

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Molleman E, Broekhuis M, Stoffels R, Jaspers F. Consequences of participating in multidisciplinary medical team meetings for surgical, nonsurgical, and supporting specialties. Med Care Res Rev. 2010;67(2):173–193. doi:10.1177/1077558709347379

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Gasiorek J. Van de Poel K. Divergent perspectives on language-discordant mobile medical professionals’ communication with colleagues: an exploratory study. J Applied Commun Res. 2012;40(4):368–383. doi:10.1080/00909882.2012.712708

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Kessler CS, Afshar Y, Sardar G, Yudkowsky R, Ankel F, Schwartz A. A prospective, randomized, controlled study demonstrating a novel, effective model of transfer of care between physicians: the 5 Cs of consultation. Acad Emerg Med. 2012;19(8):968–974. doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2012.01412.x

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Kirschbaum K. Physician communication in the operating room: expanding application of face-negotiation theory to the health communication context. Health Commun. 2012;27(3):292–301. doi:10.1080/10410236.2011.585449

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Kirschbaum KA, Rask JP, Brennan M, Phelan S, Fortner SA. Improved climate, culture, and communication through multidisciplinary training and instruction. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;207(3):200.e1–200.e2007. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2012.06.036

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Orchard CA, King GA, Khalili H, Bezzina MB. Assessment of Interprofessional Team Collaboration Scale (AITCS): development and testing of the instrument. J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2012;32(1):58–67. doi:10.1002/chp.21123

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Carr AM, Irigoyen M, Wimmer RS, Arbeter AM. A pediatric residency experience with surgical co-management. Hosp Pediatr. 2013;3(2):144–148. doi:10.1542/hpeds.2012-0053

 PubMedGoogle Scholar

Nayak L, Beaulieu CF, Rubin DL, Lipson JA. A picture is worth a thousand words: needs assessment for multimedia radiology reports in a large tertiary care medical center. Acad Radiol. 2013;20(12):1577–1583. doi:10.1016/j.acra.2013.09.002

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Pimmer C, Mateescu M, Zahn C, Genewein U. Smartphones as multimodal communication devices to facilitate clinical knowledge processes: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2013;15(11):e263. doi:10.2196/jmir.2758

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Uddin S, Hamra J, Hossain L. Mapping and modeling of physician collaboration network. Stat Med. 2013;32(20):3539–3551. doi:10.1002/sim.5770

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Uddin S, Hossain L, Hamra J, Alam A. A study of physician collaborations through social network and exponential random graph. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013;13(1):234. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-13-234

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Anthoine E, Delmas C, Coutherut J, Moret L. Development and psychometric testing of a scale assessing the sharing of medical information and interprofessional communication: the CSI scale. BMC Health Serv Res. 2014;14(1):126. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-14-126

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Bruckel JT, Gurm HS, Seth M, Prager RL, Jensen A, Nallamothu BK. Use of a heart team in decision-making for patients with complex coronary disease at hospitals in Michigan prior to guideline endorsement. PLoS One. 2014;9(11):e113241. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113241

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Gupta A. The effectiveness of geriatrician-led comprehensive Hip fracture collaborative care in a new acute Hip unit based in a general hospital setting in the UK. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2014;44(1):20–26. doi:10.4997/JRCPE.2014.105

 PubMedGoogle Scholar

Kessler C, Scott NL, Siedsma M, Jordan J, Beach C, Coletti CM. Interunit handoffs of patients and transfers of information: a survey of current practices. Ann Emerg Med. 2014;64(4):343–349.e5. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2014.04.022

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Rosenkrantz AB, Kiritsy M, Kim S. How ”consistent” is ”consistent”? A clinician-based assessment of the reliability of expressions used by radiologists to communicate diagnostic confidence. Clin Radiol. 2014;69(7):745–749. doi:10.1016/j.crad.2014.03.004

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Hewett DG, Watson BM, Gallois C. Communication between hospital doctors: underaccommodation and interpretability. Lang Commun. 2015;41:71–83. doi:10.1016/j.langcom.2014.10.007

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Bradley V, Liddle S, Shaw R, et al. Sticks and stones: investigating rude, dismissive and aggressive communication between doctors. Clin Med. 2015;15(6):541–545. doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.15-6-541

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Fatahi N, Krupic F, Hellström M. Quality of radiologists’ communication with other clinicians--As experienced by radiologists. Patient Educ Couns. 2015;98(6):722–727. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2015.02.009

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Kirschbaum KA, Rask JP, Fortner SA, et al. Physician communication in the operating room. Health Commun. 2015;30(4):317–327. doi:10.1080/10410236.2013.856741

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Mazurenko O, Hearld LR. Environmental factors associated with physician’s engagement in communication activities. Health Care Manage Rev. 2015;40(1):79–89. doi:10.1097/HMR.0000000000000003

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Sadigh G, Hertweck T, Kao C, et al. Traditional text-only versus multimedia-enhanced radiology reporting: referring physicians’ perceptions of value. J Am Coll Radiol. 2015;12(5):519–524. doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2014.11.009

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Smith CJ, Britigan DH, Lyden E, Anderson N, Welniak TJ, Wadman MC. Interunit handoffs from emergency department to inpatient care: a cross-sectional survey of physicians at a university medical center. J Hosp Med. 2015;10(11):711–717. doi:10.1002/jhm.2431

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Aripoli AM, Fishback SJ, Morgan RL, Hill JD, Robinson AL. Rounding Radiologists: clinical Collaboration Between Radiology Residents and Internal Medicine Teams. J Am Coll Radiol. 2016;13(5):562–565. doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2015.10.027

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Dickerson EC, Alam HB, Brown RK, Michigan Radiology Quality Collaborative, Davenport MS. In-Person Communication Between Radiologists and Acute Care Surgeons Leads to Significant Alterations in Surgical Decision Making. J Am Coll Radiol. 2016;13(8):943–949.

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Golab A, Slojewski M, Brykczynski M, et al. Three-Dimensional Printing as an Interdisciplinary Communication Tool: preparing for Removal of a Giant Renal Tumor and Atrium Neoplastic Mass. Heart Surg Forum. 2016;19(4):E185–E186. doi:10.1532/hsf.1500

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Gulacti U, Lok U, Hatipoglu S, Polat H. An analysis of whatsapp usage for communication between consulting and emergency physicians. J Med Syst. 2016;40(6):130. doi:10.1007/s10916-016-0483-8

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Heidemann L, Petrilli C, Gupta A, et al. Improving interdisciplinary provider communication through a unified paging system. South Med J. 2016;109(6):378–382. doi:10.14423/SMJ.0000000000000464

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Hollingsworth JM, Funk RJ, Garrison SA, et al. Association Between Physician Teamwork and Health System Outcomes After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2016;9(6):641–648. doi:10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.116.002714

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Junker D, Herrmann TR, Bader M, et al. Evaluation of the ‘Prostate Interdisciplinary Communication and Mapping Algorithm for Biopsy and Pathology’ (PIC-MABP). World J Urol. 2016;34(2):245–252. doi:10.1007/s00345-015-1627-z

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Landgren R, Alawadi Z, Douma C, Thomas EJ, Etchegaray J. Barriers of Pediatric Residents to Speaking Up About Patient Safety. Hosp Pediatr. 2016;6(12):738–743. doi:10.1542/hpeds.2016-0042

 PubMedGoogle Scholar

Shetty AL, Vaghasiya M, Boddy R, Byth K, Unwin D. Perceived incivility during emergency department phone consultations. Emerg Med Australas. 2016;28(3):256–261. doi:10.1111/1742-6723.12564

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Chung RJ, Jasien J, Maslow GR. Resident Dyads Providing Transition Care to Adolescents and Young Adults With Chronic Illnesses and Neurodevelopmental Disabilities. J Grad Med Educ. 2017;9(2):222–227. doi:10.4300/JGME-D-16-00292.1

 PubMedGoogle Scholar

Kapoor K, Verceles AC, Netzer G, et al. A Collaborative Cardiologist-Intensivist Management Model Improves Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70(11):1422–1423. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.07.739

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Matta EJ, Nunez-Atahualpa L, West OC. Use of a PACS-Based Tool for Improving Communications With Referring Physicians. J Am Coll Radiol. 2017;14(11):1455–1458. doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2017.04.021

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Real K, Fields-Elswick K, Bernard AC, Performance UR. Mindfulness, and Communication in Critical Care Rotations. J Surg Educ. 2017;74(3):503–512. doi:10.1016/j.jsurg.2016.11.010

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Afifi R, Person B, Haddad R. The Impact of Surgeons: pathologists Dialog on Lymph Node Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer Patients. Isr Med Assoc J. 2018;20(1):30–33.

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Bhatti ZS, Brown RKJ, Kazerooni EA, Davenport MS. Communicating Radiology Test Results: are Our Phone Calls Excessive, Just Right, or Not Enough? Acad Radiol. 2018;25(3):365–371. doi:10.1016/j.acra.2017.09.015

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Gonzalez CE, Brito-Dellan N, Banala SR, et al. Handoff Tool Enabling Standardized Transitions Between the Emergency Department and the Hospitalist Inpatient Service at a Major Cancer Center. Am J Med Qual. 2018;33(6):629–636. doi:10.1177/1062860618776096

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Korbl JD, Wood BA, Harvey NT. ‘Why don’t they ever call?’ Expectations of clinicians and pathologists regarding the communication of critical diagnoses in dermatopathology. Pathology. 2018;50(3):305–312. doi:10.1016/j.pathol.2017.10.015

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Macaluso FS, Orlando A, Bassotti G, et al. How clinicians and pathologists interact concerning inflammatory bowel disease in Italy: an IG-IBD survey. Dig Liver Dis. 2018;50(7):734–736. doi:10.1016/j.dld.2018.03.020

 PubMedGoogle Scholar

Smith CJ, Buzalko RJ, Anderson N, et al. Evaluation of a Novel Handoff Communication Strategy for Patients Admitted from the Emergency Department. West J Emerg Med. 2018;19(2):372–379. doi:10.5811/westjem.2017.9.35121

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Wetterauer C, Winkel DJ, Federer-Gsponer JR, et al. Structured reporting of prostate magnetic resonance imaging has the potential to improve interdisciplinary communication. PLoS One. 2019;14(2):e0212444. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0212444

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Bowen JL, Chiovaro J, O’Brien BC, Boscardin CK, Irby DM, Ten Cate O. Exploring current physicians’ failure to communicate clinical feedback back to transferring physicians after transitions of patient care responsibility: a mixed methods study. Perspect Med Educ. 2020;9(4):236–244. doi:10.1007/s40037-020-00585-1

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Lama A, Hogg J, Olson APJ. Perspectives from the other side of the screen: how clinicians and radiologists communicate about diagnostic errors. Diagnosis. 2020;7(1):45–53. doi:10.1515/dx-2019-0046

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Noh Y, Choi JE, Lee KE, et al. A Comparison of Olfactory and Sinonasal Outcomes in Endoscopic Pituitary Surgery Performed by a Single Neurosurgeon or a Collaborative Team of Surgeons. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;13(3):261–267. doi:10.21053/ceo.2019.01466

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Shaarani I, El-Kantar A, Hamzeh N, et al. Interprofessional Communication of Physicians Using WhatsApp: physicians’ Perspective. Telemed J E Health. 2020;26(10):1257–1264. doi:10.1089/tmj.2019.0216

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Sheikh UA, Sufficool KE, Buchanan P, Armbrecht ES, Burkemper NM, Vidal CI. Dermatopathologist assessment of ”pathologist-to-dermatologist” communication for dermatopathology services. J Cutan Pathol. 2020;47(4):328–338. doi:10.1111/cup.13626

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Mascia D, Rinninella E, Pennacchio NW, Cerrito L, Gasbarrini A. It’s how we communicate! Exploring face-to-face versus electronic communication networks in multidisciplinary teams. Health Care Manage Rev. 2021;46(2):153–161. doi:10.1097/HMR.0000000000000246

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar