Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance Among Muslim High School Students in Jakarta Metropolitan Area, Indonesia

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Respondents

Characteristics	n	%	Characteristics	n	%
Domicile			School owner
Jakarta	148	33.6	Private	90	20.5
Bogor City	50	11.4	State	350	79.5
Bogor Regency	38	8.6	Specialization
Depok City	9	2.0	Natural sciences	127	30.5
South Tangerang City	120	27.3	Social sciences	202	48.5
Tangerang City	5	1.1	Do not have specialization	87	20.9
Tangerang Regency	31	7.0	Have been infected with COVID-19
Bekasi City	35	8.0	Yes, get self-isolated elsewhere other than healthcare facilities	76	17.3
Bekasi Regency	4	9	Yes, get self-isolated in healthcare	1	0.2
Area characteristics			Yes, get inpatient treatment	1	0.2
Rural	78	17.7	Never have been infected	362	82.3
Urban	362	82.3	Preferred media type for coronavirus information
Age (in years)			Television	85	19.3
14	1	0.2	Print-based media	1	0.2
15	34	7.7	Internet-based media	343	78.0
16	178	40.5	Direct communication	9	2.0
17	203	46.1	Seminar	2	0.5
18	24	5.5	Preferred information source for coronavirus information
Sex			Family	114	25.9
Male	116	26.4	Friend	24	5.5
Female	324	73.6	Teacher	4	0.9
School type			Government	46	10.5
Vocational High School	125	28.4	Influencer	20	4.5
Public High School	187	42.5	Neighbor or relatives	25	5.7
Islamic High School	128	29.1	News	207	47.0

Table 2 Bivariate Analysis of Socio-Demographic Factors Related to COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake

	Have Not Received COVID-19 Vaccine (n= 153)		Have Received COVID-19 Vaccine (n= 287)		p-value
	n	%	n	%
Living area					<0.001
Jakarta	28	18.9	120	81.1
Around Jakarta	125	42.8	167	57.2
Living area characteristics					<0.001
Rural	48	61.5	30	38.5
Urban	105	29.0	257	71.0
Age group					0.057
< 16	84	39.4	129	60.6
> 17	69	30.4	158	69.6
Sex					1.000
Male	40	34.5	76	65.5
Female	113	34.9	211	65.1
Grade					0.006
11	77	42.3	105	57.7
12	76	29.5	182	70.5
School type					<0.001
Vocational High School	24	19.2	101	80.8
Public High School	70	37.4	117	62.6
Islamic High School	59	46.1	69	53.9
School owner					0.018
Private	41	45.6	49	54.4
State	112	32.0	258	68.0
Specialization group					<0.001
Social sciences	55	43.3	72	56.7
Natural sciences	80	39.6	122	60.4
Do not have specialization	13	14.9	74	85.1
COVID-19 status					<0.001
Have been infected	42	53.8	36	46.2
Have not been infected	111	30.7	251	69.3
Preferred information source for coronavirus					0.859
Influencer	8	40.0	12	60.0
Family, friend, neighbor	56	33.5	111	66.5
News	71	34.3	136	65.7
Government	18	39.1	28	60.9
Preferred media type for coronavirus					0.904
Internet	120	35.0	223	65.0
Non-Internet	33	34.0	64	66.0

Table 3 Bivariate Analysis of Behavioral Factors Related to COVID-19 Vaccine Status

	Not Received COVID-19 Vaccine	Received COVID-19 Vaccine	Z	P-value
	Mean Rank	Mean Rank
Perceived susceptibility	199.81	231.53	−2.86	0.004
Perceived severity	191.14	236.15	−3.76	<0.001
Perceived benefits	197.57	232.72	−2.94	0.003
Perceived barriers^a	163.05	251.13	−7.09	<0.001
Cues to action	204.94	228.79	−1.93	0.054
Self-efficacy	188.48	237.57	−4.11	<0.001
Attitude	192.68	235.33	−3.56	<0.001
Social norm	198.45	232.26	−2.72	0.006
Perceived behavioral control	206.95	227.72	−1.76	0.078

Note: ^aHigh score of perceived barriers means low perceived barrier.

Table 4 Intention to Get COVID-19 Vaccine Among the Respondents Who Have Not Received COVID-19 Vaccine

	Have Not Decided and Do Not Intend to Receive COVID-19 Vaccine (n= 43)		Intend to Receive COVID-19 Vaccine (n= 110)		p-value
	n	%	n	%
Living area					0.686
Jakarta	7	25.0	21	75.0
Around Jakarta	36	28.8	89	71.2
Living area characteristics					0.558
Rural	15	31.3	33	68.8
Urban	28	26.7	77	73.3
Age group					0.826
< 16	23	27.4	61	72.6
> 17	20	29.0	49	71.0
Sex					0.756
Male	12	30.0	28	70.0
Female	31	27.4	82	72.6
Grade					1.000
11	22	26.8	55	71.4
12	21	27.6	55	72.4
School type					0.002
Vocational High School	3	12.5	21	87.5
Public High School	14	20.0	56	80.0
Islamic High School	26	44.1	33	55.9
School owner					0.832
Private	11	26.8	30	73.2
State	32	28.6	80	71.4
Specialization group					0.463
Social sciences	18	32.7	37	67.3
Natural sciences	23	28.7	57	71.3
Do not have specialization	2	15.4	11	84.6
COVID-19 status					0.011
Have been infected	5	11.9	37	88.1
Have not been infected	38	34.2	73	65.8
Preferred information source for coronavirus					0.835
Influencer	3	37.5	5	62.5
Family, friend, neighbor	17	30.4	39	69.6
News	19	26.8	52	73.2
Government	4	22.2	14	77.8
Preferred media type for coronavirus					0.039
Internet	29	24.2	91	75.8
Non-Internet	14	42.4	19	57.6

Table 5 Bivariate Analysis of Behavioral Factors Related to the Intention to Receive COVID-19 Vaccine

	Have Not Decided and Do Not Intend to Receive COVID-19 Vaccine (n= 287)	Intend to Receive COVID-19 Vaccine (n= 153)	Z	P-value
	Mean Rank	Mean Rank
Perceived susceptibility	44.15	89.84	−6.31	<0.001
Perceived severity	50.81	87.24	−4.84	<0.001
Perceived benefits	49.51	87.75	−5.18	<0.001
Perceived barriers^a	64.26	81.98	−2.27	0.023
Cues to action	65.41	81.53	−2.06	0.039
Self-efficacy	43.51	90.09	−6.18	<0.001
Attitude	48.17	88.27	−5.27	<0.001
Social norm	57.93	84.45	−3.41	0.001
Perceived behavioral control	92.12	71.09	−2.85	0.004

Note: ^aHigh score of perceived barriers means low perceived barrier.

Figure 1 Reasons for who do not intend and have not decided to receive COVID-19 vaccine.