Knowledge of COVID-19 and Its Treatment Among Healthcare Worker in Al-Ahsa Region of Saudi Arabia

Figures & data

Table 1 Participants’ Demographic Characteristics

Demographic Variable	Frequency (%)
Age category
21–30 years	131 (43.7)
31–40 years	127 (42.3)
41–59 years	39 (13.0)
60 years and above	3 (1.0)
Gender
Female	179 (59.7)
Nationality
Saudi	237 (79.0)
Occupational status
Nurse	148 (49.3)
Technical staff	70 (23.3)
Specialist physician	40 (13.3)
Consultant physician	20 (6.7)
Hospital Pharmacist	9 (3.0)
Clinical Pharmacist	8 (2.7)
General practitioner	5 (1.7)
Workplace
King Fahad Hospital	120 (40.0)
Prince Saud Bin-Jalawi Hospital	68 (22.7)
Maternity and Children Hospital	78 (26.0)
Prince Sultan Cardiac Centre	25 (8.3)
Others	9 (3.0)
Duration of practice
Less than 6 years	114 (38.0)
6–10 years	91 (30.3)
11–15 years	62 (20.7)
16–20 years	16 (5.3)
21 years and above	17 (5.7)
Volunteer in COVID-19 medical providers team?
Yes	101 (33.7)

Table 2 Participants’ Knowledge About COVID-19

Variable	Frequency (%)
Why COVID-19 called as coronavirus?
It means, highly transmission	52 (17.3)
It has a crown shape	171 (57.0)
Transmitted from a city in China	31 (10.3)
I do not know	46 (15.3)
What is the main transmission source of first cases of COVID-19 presented in Wuhan/ china?
Bat	221 (73.7)
Camel	21 (7.0)
Snake	18 (6.0)
Mouse	11 (3.7)
I do not know	29 (9.7)
How COVID-19 transmitted from human to human?
Faeces	2 (0.7)
Blood	1 (0.3)
Skin touch	10 (3.3)
Respiratory droplets	275 (91.7)
I do not know	12 (4.0)
Which one of following population are the most likely to develop a severe case of COVID-19?
Chronic disease, obesity, and elderly	262 (87.3)
Pregnant, strong family history for coronary artery disease	17 (5.7)
Adolescent, diabetic patients	2 (0.7)
Seasonal rhinitis, adolescent, normal BMI	4 (1.3)
I do not know	15 (5.0)
Which population needs screening for COVID-19 (you can choose more than one option)?
A close contact with confirmed COVID-19 cases	216 (72.0)
Person comes from country that have high incidence of COVID-19 cases	65 (21.7)
Patient having some of the main clinical symptoms of COVID-19	198 (66.0)
Patient having chronic diseases	45 (15.0)
Geriatric people	23 (7.7)
I do not know	13 (4.3)
How to confirm the diagnosis of COVID-19?
By symptoms	28 (9.3)
PCR	251 (83.7)
Patient history	1 (0.3)
CBC	4 (1.3)
I do not know	16 (5.3)
What are the main clinical symptoms of COVID-19?
Fever ≥ 40, shortness of breath, and dry cough	269 (89.7)
Fever ≥ 40, myalgia, diarrhea	6 (2.0)
Fever ≥ 40, rhinorrhea, headache	9 (3.0)
I do not know	16 (5.3)
After confirming diagnosis of mild to moderate COVID-19 case (no oxygen requirement, no evidence of pneumonia), what is the treatment usually given to them (you can choose more than one option)?
Azithromycin, ceftriaxone	108 (36.0)
Favipiravir or Remdesivir	33 (11.0)
Supportive therapy (Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Zinc, antipyretic)	217 (72.3)
Dexamethasone	51 (17.0)
Hydroxychloroquine	40 (13.3)
VTE prophylaxis	18 (6.0)
None of the above	21 (7.0)
After confirming diagnosis of severe non-critical COVID-19 (Respiratory rate ≥30/rbm (adults), Blood oxygen saturation ≤93%, or PaO2/FiO2 ratio 50% of the lung field within 24–48 hours) What is the treatment usually given to them? (you can choose more than one answer)?
Azithromycin, ceftriaxone	117 (39.0)
Favipiravir or Remdesivir	79 (26.3)
Supportive therapy (Oxygen supplement, Fluids replacement, Zinc, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, antipyretic)	195 (65.0)
Dexamethasone	97 (32.3)
Hydroxychloroquine	55 (18.3)
VTE prophylaxis	39 (13.0)
None of the above	15 (5.0)
In patients with severe critical COVID-19 (Symptoms ≥ 1 of the following: ARDS, Sepsis, altered consciousness, or Multi-organ failure), What is/are the treatment usually given to them? (you can choose more than one answer)?
Azithromycin, ceftriaxone	144 (48.0)
Favipiravir or Remdesivir	217 (72.3)
Supportive therapy (Oxygen supplement, Fluids replacement, Zinc, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, antipyretic)	300 (100)
Dexamethasone	231 (77.0)
Hydroxychloroquine	92 (30.7)
VTE prophylaxis	80 (26.7)
None of the above	13 (4.3)
Which guidelines you follow in the treatment of COVID-19? (you can choose more than one answer)
WHO	209 (69.7)
NIH	27 (9.0)
CDC	52 (17.3)
IDSA	30 (10.0)
I do not know	55 (18.3)
In patient with cytokine release syndrome and COVID-19 which treatments is more indicated?
Tocilizumab	136 (45.3)
Saritumab	17 (5.7)
Canakinumab	33 (11.0)
Dupilumab	21 (7.0)
Siltuximab	16 (5.3)
If vaccine exists, which population will be vaccinated?
Adult without comorbid disease	64 (21.3)
High risk patient of severe cases of COVID-19	211 (70.3)
Pediatrics	1 (0.3)
Pregnant	3 (1.0)
I do not know	26 (8.7)

Table 3 Mean Knowledge Score Stratified by Demographic Characteristics

Demographic Variable	Mean Knowledge Score (Standard Deviation)	P-value
Age category
21–30 years	6.9 (2.0)	0.136
31–40 years	6.7 (2.2)
41–59 years	7.5 (2.2)
60 years and above	8.0 (0.0)
Gender
Female	6.7 (2.3)	0.141
Male	7.1 (1.9)
Nationality
Saudi	6.7 (2.1)	0.000**
Non-Saudi	8.1 (1.8)
Duration of practice
Less than 6 years	6.9 (2.1)	0.026*
6–10 years	6.5 (2.1)
11–15 years	7.0 (2.0)
16–20 years	7.8 (2.2)
21 years and above	8.0 (2.2)

Note: *p≤0.05, **p≤0.001.