Association Between Emotional Eating, Sociodemographic Characteristics, Physical Activity, Sleep Duration, and Mental and Physical Health in Young Adults

Figures & data

Table 1 Association Between Negative EmE and Sociodemographic Characteristics of the Participants

	Total		Negative EmE				p-value
			Yes		No
Variable	n	%	n	%	n	%
Gender
Female	214	53.5	153	55.8	61	48.4	0.167
Male	186	46.5	121	44.2	65	51.6
Age (years)
18–29	228	57.0	166	60.6	62	49.2	0.041*
30–39	106	26.5	64	23.3	42	33.3
≥ 40	66	16.5	44	16.1	22	17.5
Origin
Coast	183	45.8	124	45.2	59	46.8	0.383
Highlands	61	15.3	38	13.9	23	18.3
Jungle	156	39.0	112	40.9	44	34.9
Place of residence
Rural	354	88.5	240	87.6	114	90.5	0.401
Urban	46	11.5	34	12.4	12	9.5
Level of education
Basic	35	8.8	26	9.5	9	7.1	0.715
Technical	78	19.5	54	19.7	24	19.0
University	287	71.8	194	70.8	93	73.8
Marital status
Single	303	75.8	210	76.6	93	73.8	0.539
Being in a couple	97	24.3	64	23.4	33	26.2
Monthly income (PEN)**
<2149.00	262	65.5	186	67.9	76	60.3	0.043*
2149.00–10,746.00	123	30.8	75	27.4	48	38.1
>10,746.00	15	3.8	13	4.7	2	1.6
Religious denomination
Catholic	155	38.8	109	39.8	46	36.5	0.317
Protestant	228	57.0	151	55.1	77	61.1
No religion	17	4.3	14	5.1	3	2.4

Notes: *p<0.01; statistical significance by Chi-square test; **The Peruvian Sol (PEN) is the national currency of Peru. The ISO code for the Peruvian currency is PEN, a standardized 3-letter code according to the ISO-4217 currency code standard.

Abbreviation: EmE, emotional eating.

Table 2 Association Between Negative EmE, Physical Activity, Sleep Duration, and Emotional and Physical Health

Variable	Total		Negative EmE				p-value
			Yes		No
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Physical activity
No practice	107	26.8	83	30.3	24	19.1	0.002*
1–2 times a week	168	42.0	111	40.5	57	45.2
3–4 times a week	77	19.2	57	20.8	20	15.9
≥ 5 times a week	48	12.0	23	8.4	25	19.8
Sleep duration
< 7 h/day	251	62.8	181	66.0	70	55.5	0.046*
7–9 h/day	141	35.2	89	32.5	52	41.3
>9 h/day	8	2.0	4	1.5	4	3.2
Smoke
Yes	81	20.2	60	21.9	21	16.7	0.227
No	319	79.8	214	78.1	105	83.3
Alcoholic beverages
Yes	239	59.8	174	63.5	65	51.6	0.024*
No	161	40.2	100	36.5	61	48.4
Soft drinks
Yes	331	82.8	226	82.5	105	83.3	0.834
No	69	17.2	48	17.5	21	16.7
Depressive symptoms
Yes	98	24.5	84	30.7	14	11.1	<0.001*
No	302	75.5	190	69.3	112	88.9
Anxiety symptoms
Yes	107	26.8	98	35.8	9	7.1	<0.001*
No	293	73.2	176	64.2	117	92.9
Hypertension
Yes	33	8.3	29	10.6	4	3.2	0.012*
No	367	91.7	245	89.4	122	96.8
BMI
<25	245	61.2	183	63.5	62	55.4	0.002*
≥25	155	38.8	105	36.5	50	44.6

Note: *p<0.01; statistical significance by Chi-square test.

Abbreviations: EmE, emotional eating; BMI, body mass index.

Table 3 Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Negative EmE in Respondents

Variable	OR^a	Men (95% CI)	OR^a	Women (95% CI)
Age (years)
18–29	1	Reference	1	Reference
30–39	0.24	(0.08–0.66) **	0.40	(0.16–0.97)*
≥ 40	0.34	(0.09–1.21)	0.52	(0.17–1.53)
Origin
Highlands	1	Reference	1	Reference
Coast	1.21	(0.40–3.61)	2.08	(0.73–5.94)
Jungle	1.33	(0.41–4.29)	3.03	(0.98–9.41)
Place of residence
Rural	1	Reference	1	Reference
Urban	0.83	(0.25–2.72)	0.48	(0.14–1.64)
Level of education
Basic	1	Reference	1	Reference
Technical	2.05	(0.46–9.13)	0.20	(0.03–1.38)
University	1.11	(0.31–3.93)	0.23	(0.03–1.54)
Marital status
Single	1	Reference	1	Reference
Being in a couple	1.54	(0.53–4.45)	0.85	(0.36–2.00)
Monthly income (PEN)^†
<2149.00	1	Reference	1	Reference
2149.00–10,746.00	1.78	(0.73–4.36)	0.97	(0.42–2.23)
>10,746.00	5.73	(0.39–83.05)	4.11	(0.45–37.38)
Religious denomination
Protestant	1	Reference	1	Reference
Others	1.85	(0.73–4.66)	0.78	(0.34–1.78)

Notes: OR^a, Odds ratio adjusted for level of education, Physical activity, Sleep duration, Smoke, Alcoholic and Soft drinks, Depressive symptoms, Anxiety symptoms, BMI, and Hypertension; CI95%, Confidence interval 95%; *p<0.05 or **p<0.01, statistical significance by logistic regression. ^†The ISO code for the Peruvian currency is PEN, a standardized 3-letter code according to the ISO-4217 currency code standard.

Table 4 Physical Activity, Sleep Duration, and Mental and Physical Health Associated with Negative EmE in Respondents

Variable	OR^a	Men (95% CI)	OR^a	Women (95% CI)
Physical activity
>5 times a week	1	Reference	1	Reference
3–4 times a week	5.22	(1.31–20.78)*	1.58	(0.36–6.85)
1–2 times a week	5.77	(1.91–17.44)**	0.94	(0.25–3.53)
No practice	15.18	(3.90–59.0)**	1.63	(0.41–6.39)
Sleep duration
7–9h/day	1	Reference	1	Reference
<7h/day	2.26	(1.04–4.90)*	1.24	(0.59–2.61)
>9h/day	0.03	(0.00–0.68)*	1.02	(0.04–2.79)
Smoke
No	1	Reference	1	Reference
Yes	0.71	(0.25–2.02)	1.12	(0.27–4.70)
Alcoholic beverages
No	1	Reference	1	Reference
Yes	1.02	(0.35–2.96)	2.14	(1.90–5.06)*
Soft drinks
No	1	Reference	1	Reference
Yes	1.28	(0.47–3.50)	1.78	(0.66–4.79)
Depressive symptoms
No	1	Reference	1	Reference
Yes	6.29	(1.27–31.19)*	1.08	(0.43–2.71)
Anxiety symptoms
No	1	Reference	1	Reference
Yes	14.13	(2.46–80.97)**	4.22	(1.59–11.23)**
BMI
<25	1	Reference	1	Reference
≥25	1.51	(1.46–3.41)*	0.66	(0.31–1.39)
Hypertension
No	1	Reference	1	Reference
Yes	7.58	(1.24–46.17)*	2.10	(0.43–10.18)

Notes: OR^a, Odds ratio adjusted for level of education, physical activity, sleep duration, smoke, alcoholic and Soft drinks, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, BMI, and hypertension; 95% CI, 95% Confidence interval; *p<0.05 or **p<0.01, statistical significance by logistic regression.

Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index.