Evaluation of miRNA-143 and miRNA-145 Expression and Their Association with Vitamin-D Status Among Obese and Non-Obese Type-2 Diabetic Patients

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic Characteristics of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Cases and Healthy Controls

Variables	T2DM Cases (%)	Control Subjects (%)
Total no.	100 (100)	100 (100)
Gender
Males	72 (72)	70 (70)
Females	28 (28)	30 (30)
Age at diagnosis (Years)
≤ 45	40 (40)	38 (38)
> 45	60 (60)	62 (62)
Hypertension
Yes	37 (37)
No	63 (63)
Increased urination
Yes	45 (45)
No	55 (55)
Weight loss
Yes	38 (38)
No	62 (62)
Fatigue
Yes	43 (43)
No	57 (57)
Blurred vision
Yes	34 (34)
No	66 (66)
Loss of appetite
Yes	43 (43)
No	57 (57)
Smoking status
Yes	45 (45)
No	55 (55)
Obesity
Yes	34 (34)
No	66 (66)

Table 2 Relative Expression of miRNA-143 Among Type 2 Diabetic Cases Compared with Healthy Controls

Variables	miRNA-143 Expression (Mean±SD)	p-value
Overall expression	5.23±2.07	-
Age (in years)
≤ 40 years	4.81±1.90	0.33
> 40 years	4.59±1.96
Gender
Male	4.94±1.81	0.19
Female	4.58±1.97
Hypertension
Yes	5.03±2.05	0.01
No	4.08±1.53
Increased urination
Yes	4.87±1.92	0.36
No	4.52±1.94
Weight loss
Yes	4.62±1.91	0.80
No	4.71±1.95
Fatigue
Yes	5.07±1.99	0.04
No	4.38±1.84
Blurred vision
Yes	5.15±1.81	0.01
No	4.43±1.95
Loss of appetite
Yes	4.66±1.69	0.78
No	4.69±2.10
Smoking status
Yes	5.05±2.20	0.18
No	4.37±1.63

Table 3 Relative Expression of miRNA-145 Among Type 2 Diabetic Cases Compared with Healthy Controls

Variables	miRNA-145 Expression (Mean±SD)	p-value
Overall expression	6.55±3.94	-
Age (in years)
≤ 40 years	5.29±2.99	0.48
> 40 years	4.68±2.11
Gender
Male	4.76±2.25	0.58
Female	5.34±3.08
Hypertension
Yes	5.36±2.63	0.009
No	4.18±2.10
Urination
Yes	4.96±2.34	0.80
No	4.90±2.65
Weight loss
Yes	4.45±1.60	0.44
No	5.22±2.90
Fatigue
Yes	5.32±2.31	0.03
No	4.63±2.62
Blurred vision
Yes	5.27±2.70	0.52
No	4.75±2.40
Loss of appetite
Yes	5.02±2.49	0.42
No	4.80±2.55
Smoking status
Yes	5.00±2.19	0.42
No	4.85±2.76

Figure 1 Correlation between miRNA-143 and miRNA-145 expression among the T2DM cases.

Table 4 Correlation Analysis and Coefficient of miRNA-143 and miRNA-145 with Biochemical Parameters Among T2DM

Parameters		BGP (mg/dl)	BGPP (mg/dl)	HbA1c	HDL	LDL	TG	Cholesterol	VLDL
miRNA-143	Correlation coefficient	0.01	−0.07	−0.04	−0.26	0.08	0.16	−0.03	−0.09
	p value	0.88	0.47	0.68	0.008	0.37	0.11	0.75	0.36
miRNA-145	Correlation coefficient	0.035	0.061	−0.036	−0.135	0.023	0.239	−0.042	−0.072
	p value	0.728	0.550	0.720	0.182	0.819	0.017	0.677	0.476

Abbreviations: BGP, Blood glucose fasting; BGPP, Blood glucose post-prandial; HbA1c, Glycated hemoglobin; HDL, High density lipoprotein; LDL, Low density lipoprotein; TG, Triglycerides; VLDL, Very low density lipoprotein.

Table 5 Comparison of Biochemical Parameters with Vitamin-D Status Among the T2DM Cases

Biochemical Parameters	Vitamin-D			P value
	Deficiency	Insufficiency	Sufficiency
Blood glucose fasting (mg/dl)	252.21±35	232.22+29.67	226.90+26.59	0.001
Blood glucose post-prandial (mg/dl)	370.29+51.29	384.27+67.00	369.08+45.81	0.75
HbA1c (%)	7.32+0.65	7.25+0.68	7.27+0.92	0.68
HDL (mg/dl)	36.08+6.93	46.50+16.43	49.80+12.34	<0.0001
LDL (mg/dl)	199.59+16.33	200.96+22.13	201.92+26.02	0.90
TG (mg/dl)	443.76+90.57	402.23+101.80	411.88+91.89	0.16
Cholesterol (mg/dl)	246.26+12.36	249.53+13.23	253.22+20.23	0.57
VLDL (mg/dl)	36.29+5.86	35.19+6.43	35.57+4.72	0.74

Figure 2 MiRNA expression among obese and non-obese T2DM cases. (A) miRNA-143, (B) miRNA-145.

Figure 3 MiRNA expression with vitamin-D status. (A) miRNA-143, (B) miRNA-145.

Table 6 AUC, Sensitivity, Specificity and Cutoff for miRNA-143 and miRNA-145 Between Obese and Non-Obese T2DM Cases

Gene	AUC (95% CI)	Cut-off	Sensitivity	Specificity	p-value
miRNA-143	0.83 (0.75–0.91)	4.39 fold	85%	61%	<0.0001
miRNA-145	0.81 (0.71–0.90)	4.0 fold	88%	53%	<0.0001

Figure 4 ROC curve analysis for prognostic importance between non-obese and obese T2DM cases. (A) AUC for miRNA-143, (B) AUC for miRNA-145.