Factors Influencing Early Hospital Arrival of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke, Cross-Sectional Study at Teaching Hospital in Mogadishu Somalia

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic Characteristics of Patients

	N%
Age, Years
>60 years	153(72%)
< 60 years	59(28%)
Gender
Male	113(53.3%)
Female	99(46.7%)
Place of Living
Urban	140(66%)
Rural	72(34%)
Living Condition
Alone	62(29%)
Live with family/friend	150(71%)
Education Level
Primary education	97(46%)
Secondary education	83(39%)
University level or above	32(15%)
Income Level
Low level of income	107(50.5%)
Middle level of income	78(36.8%)
High income level	27(12.7%)
Stroke Risk Factors
HTN	91(43%)
DM	65(31%)
Hyperlipidemia	73(34%)
Heart disease	9(4.2%)
Previous stroke/TIA	16(7.5%)

Abbreviations: HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; TIA, transient ischemic stroke.

Figure 1 Shows time to the emergency department presentation per stroke onset.

Table 2 Patients’ Stroke Related Features

	N/%
NIHSS Score
<12	111(52.4%)
>12	101(47.6%)
BP on Admission
Elevated	100(47.2%)
Normal	112(52.8%)
Glucose Level on Admission
Elevated	67(31.6%)
Normal	145(68.4%)
Metabolic Derangement
Present	20(9.4%)
Absent	192(90.6%)
GCS of Patients
<8	80(39%)
>8	132(61%)
Arterial Territory Of Infarction
MCA	117(55%)
ACA	52(24.5%)
Vertebrobasilar system	35(16.5%)
Internal carotid	8(4%)
Stroke Presentation
Hemiplegia	111(52.5%)
Aphasia/dysarthria	52(24.5%)
Coma	49(23%)
Administration of Thrombolytic Treatment	9(4.2%)
Applied	3(1.4%)
Not applied	209(98.6%)

Abbreviations: NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; MCA, middle cerebral artery; ACA, anterior cerebral artery.

Table 3 Analysis of Factors Contributing to Delay of Hospital Arrival Among Patients

	<4 hr%	>4 hr%	P value
Age
<60 years	6(18.8%)	53(29.4%)	0.214
>60 years	26(81.3%)	127(70.6%)
Gender
Male	23(71.9%)	90(50%)	0.022
Female	9(28.1%)	90(50%)
Education Level			0.001
Primary level	14(43.8%)	83(46.1%)
Secondary level	11(34.4%)	72(40.0%)
University level or above	7(21.9%)	25(13.9%)
Income Level
Low income	14(43.8%)	93(51.7%)	0.493
Middle income	12(37.5%)	66(36.7%)
High income	6(18.8%)	21(11.7%)
Place of Living
Rural	4(12.5%)	68(37.8%)	0.005
Urban	28(87.5%)	112(62.2%)
Travel Distance
<10km	25(78.1%)	102(56.7%)	0.022
>10km	7(21.9%)	78(43.3%)
Stroke Presentation
Hemiplegia	28(87.5%)	83(46.1%)	0.001
Aphasia/dysarthria	2(6.3%)	50(27.8%)
Coma	2(6.3%)	47(26.1%)
Knowledge About Thrombolytic Treatment
Yes	11(34.4%)	23(12.8%)	0.002
No	21(65.6%)	157(87.2%)
NIHSS Score
<12	13(40.6%)	98(54.4%)	0.149
>12	19(59.4%)	82(45.6%)
Stroke Recognition
Yes	23(71.9%)	68(37.8%)	0.001
No	9(28.1%)	112(62.2%)
GCS
<8	18(56.3%)	64(35.6%)	0.027
>8	14(43.8%)	116(64.4%)
Time of Stroke Onset
Day	22(68.8%)	82(45.6%)	0.016
Night	10(31.3%)	98(54.4%)
Living Alone
Yes	16(50.0%)	56(31.1%)	0.038
No	16(50.0%)	124(68.9%)
Referral from Other Hospital
Yes	5(15.6%)	44(24.4%)	0.275
No	27(84.4%)	136(75.6%)
Key Decision Maker
Patient	8(25%)	37(20.7%)
Family member	24(75%)	142(79.3%)	0.582
Transportation Method
Ambulance	11(34.4%)	41(22.8%)	0.160
Other means	21(65.6%)	139(77.2%)

Abbreviations: NIHSS, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; AMS, altered mental status.