Relationship Between Psychological Contract Violation and Physicians’ Destructive and Constructive Behaviors in Tertiary Public Hospitals: An Empirical Evidence in Beijing

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flowchart of sampling.

Table 1 Factor Load Matrix After Rotation

Item	Factor 1	Factor 2	Factor 3	Factor 4
T1			0.83
T2			0.78
T3			0.68
T4			0.66
N1	0.75
N2	0.79
N3	0.79
N4	0.80
V1				0.79
V2				0.84
V3				0.81
L1		0.81
L2		0.70
L3		0.80
L4		0.76

Table 2 The Basic Information of Respondents (n=292)

Variables		n (%)	Exit	Neglect	Voice	Loyalty
			t/F	t/F	t/F	t/F
Hospital category	General hospital	210(71.92)	−1.163	−2.876***	3.569***	3.631***
	Specialist hospital	82(28.08)
Gender	Male	107(36.64)	1.295	1.921*	−1.326	−3.428***
	Female	185(63.36)
Marriage	Married	230(78.77)	1.344	0.429	0.057	0.531
	Unmarried	56(19.18)
	Others	6(2.05)
Age	Age ≤25	11(3.77)	1.185	0.619	1.971*	0.985
	Age 26–35	118(40.41)
	Age 36–45	113(38.70)
	Age 46–55	50(17.12)
Section category	Key discipline	149(51.03)	−2.845***	−2.887***	1.876*	3.487***
	Non-key discipline	143 (48.97)
Professional title	Chief physician	21(7.29)	1.223	0.786	1.876	1.810
	Associate chief physician	81(27.74)
	Attending physician	99(33.90)
	Physician or below	91(31.07)
The highest degree	Doctor	134(45.89)	1.250	1.374	1.158	0.330
	Master	112(38.36)
	Bachelor	42(14.38)
	Others	4(1.37)
Working years	≤5 years	89(30.48)	1.994	0.215	0.669	0.728
	6–10 years	75(25.68)
	11–15 years	43(14.73)
	≥16 years	85(29.11)

Note: *P<0.1, ***P<0.01.

Table 3 Correlation Analysis of Variables (n=292)

	Mean	SD	Exit	Neglect	Voice	Loyalty	PCV
Exit	2.360	0.862
Neglect	1.894	0.832	0.623**
Voice	3.182	0.749	−0.022	−0.041
Loyalty	3.403	0.835	−0.376**	−0.315**	0.504**
PCV	3.098	0.737	0.295**	0.127*	−0.246**	−0.466**
JUST	3.093	0.878	−0.390**	−0.191**	0.240**	0.462**	−0.535**

Note: *P<0.1, **P<0.05.

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; PCV, psychological contract violation; JUST, organizational justice.

Table 4 The Correlation Between Psychological Contract Violation and EVLN and the Mediating Role of Justice

Variables	Model (1)				Model (2)	Model (3)
	Exit	Neglect	Voice	Loyalty	JUST	Exit	Neglect	Voice	Loyalty
PCV	0.332***	0.094	−0.192***	−0.460***	−0.608***	0.144*	0.000	−0.116**	−0.307***
JUST						−0.309***	−0.154**	0.124**	0.251***
Female	−0.117	−0.185*	0.134	0.335***	0.232**	−0.045	−0.149	0.105	0.277**
Age 26–35	0.387	0.430*	0.027	−0.225	−0.376	0.271	0.372	−0.074	−0.130
Age 36–45	0.240	0.264	−0.212	−0.125	−0.248	0.164	0.226	−0.181	−0.062
Age 46–55	0.199	0.268	−0.016	0.141	0.476	0.346	0.342	−0.075	0.022
Age ≥56	−0.335	0.148	−1.524*	0.273	0.806	−0.085	0.272	−1.625*	0.070
Working years	−0.006	−0.009	0.007	−0.000	−0.035**	−0.017	−0.014	0.012	0.008
Title1^†	0.098	−0.309	0.402*	0.321	−0.008	−0.095	−0.310	0.402*	0.323*
Title2^†	−0.004	−0.414	0.086	0.190	−0.003	−0.005	−0.414*	0.086	0.191
Title3^†	−0.187	−0.547**	0.139	0.335	−0.119	−0.224	−0.565**	0.154	0.365
Specialist	0.017	0.297**	−0.352***	−0.290**	0.041	0.029	0.303**	−0.356***	−0.301**
Non-key	0.242**	0.249**	−0.140*	−0.260**	−0.045	0.228**	0.242**	−0.135	−0.249**
Constant	2.132***	1.982***	3.078***	3.259***	0.464***	2.276***	2.053***	3.020***	3.143***
F	3.67***	2.54**	4.21***	10.78***	12.35***	5.38***	2.80***	4.30***	12.16***
R2	0.137	0.099	0.154	0.318	0.348	0.201	0.116	0.168	0.363
Adjusted R2	0.100	0.060	0.117	0.288	0.320	0.164	0.075	0.129	0.333
Sobel test
Z						4.294***	2.269**	−2.104**	−4.083***
Proportion of mediation effect to total effect						0.566	0.992	0.394	0.332

Notes: *P<0.1, **P<0.05, ***P<0.01. ^†Title1, 2 and 3 represent deputy chief physician, attending physician and physician or below respectively.

Figure 2 Mediating effect of organizational justice between psychological contract violation and EVLN behavior. (Notes: on the connecting line pointing to constructive and destructive behaviors, bolded are the regression coefficients of PCV or Justice when voice and exit behaviors are the dependent variables, and unbolded are the regression coefficients of PCV or Justice when loyalty and neglect behaviors are the dependent variables; *P<0.1, **P<0.05, ***P<0.01).