A Large-Scale Survey on Perceived Risk, Risk Emotions and Humanistic Care Needs Among Nurses During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Figures & data

Table 1 Risk Perception of COVID-19 Among Nursing Staff (n =35,068)

Items	Scores ()	Item Score ≥3 Points Number(%)
I think the COVID-19 situation is very serious in my area.^a	3.55±0.80	32,571(92.9)
I have a general understanding of the COVID-19 situation.^b	3.72±0.68	34,308(97.9)
It can have a very serious effect on your body if you are infected.^c	4.52±0.90	32,972(94.1)
It’s very likely that COVID-19 will kill the patient.^c	3.88±0.75	32,236(92.0)
The COVID-19 epidemic and its spread are very difficult to control.^b	2.64±0.93	17,922(51.1)
Total score^b	3.66±0.39	30,944(88.3)

Notes: ^aRepresenting 35,050 valid candidates; ^bRepresenting 35,044 valid candidates; ^c Representing 35,047 valid candidates.

Table 2 Demographic Differences in COVID-19 Risk Perception Scores of Nursing Staff

Variables	Categories	COVID-19 Risk Perception Scores	t	p
Gender	Men	3.57±0.41	−8.47	0.000
	Women	3.67±0.38
Age, y	≦30	3.68±0.41	9.52	0.000
	>30	3.65±0.40
Suspected/confirmed COVID-19 patients	Yes	3.69±0.39	4.94	0.000
	No	3.66±0.38
Participated in other similar public health emergencies	Yes	3.65±0.40	−1.98	0.048
	No	3.66±0.38

Table 3 Demographic Differences in Emotional Status Risk to Nurses for COVID-19

Variables	Categories	COVID-19 Risk Perception Scores	t	p
Gender	Men	2.35±0.80	5.42	0.000
	Women	2.23±0.69
Age, y	≦30	2.20±0.70	−8.97	0.000
	>30	2.27±0.70
Suspected/confirmed COVID-19 patients	Yes	2.18±0.71	−6.16	0.000
	No	2.24±0.70
Participated in other similar public health emergencies	Yes	2.24±0.73	0.78	0.436
	No	2.24±0.70

Table 4 Humanistic Care Needs of Nursing Staff

Options	Items	Numbers (%)	Gender		Gender		Suspected/Confirmed COVID-19 Patients		Suspected/Confirmed COVID-19 Patients
			Men (%)	Women (%)	≤30(%)	>30(%)	Yes (%)	No (%)	Yes (%)	No (%)
Humanistic care needs content	Negative feelings^1)	28,819 (82.2)	892^a (78.9)	27927^a (82.3)	15037^a (84.2)	13782^a (80.1)	5093 (81.7)	23,726 (82.3)	4766^a (80.7)	24053^a (82.5)
	Obsessive-compulsive thoughts^2)	28,318 (80.8)	873^a (77.2)	27445^a (80.9)	14,453 (80.9)	13,865 (80.6)	5060 (81.2)	23,258 (80.7)	4768 (80.7)	23,550 (80.8)
	Feelings caused by the quarantine^3)	20,917 (59.6)	749^a (66.2)	20168^a (59.4)	11676^a (65.3)	9241^a (53.7)	3995^a (64.1)	16922^a (58.7)	3512 (59.4)	17,405 (59.7)
	Irrational behaviors^4)	16,722 (47.7)	634^a (56.1)	16088^a (47.4)	9637^a (53.9)	7085^a (41.2)	3011 (48.3)	13,711 (47.5)	2747^a (46.5)	13975^a (47.9)
	Somatization symptoms^5)	15,631 (44.6)	552^a (48.8)	15079^a (44.4)	8729^a (48.8)	6902^a (40.1)	3092^a (49.6)	12539^a (43.5)	2764^a (46.8)	12867^a (44.1)
Department expected to provide humanistic care	The health sector	27,213 (77.6)	962^a (85.1)	26251^a (77.4)	14177^a (79.3)	13036^a (75.8)	4905^a (78.7)	22308^a (77.4)	4598 (77.8)	22,615 (77.6)
	Academic groups related to humanistic care	23,108 (65.9)	688^a (60.8)	22420^a (66.1)	11541^a (64.6)	11567^a (67.3)	4051 (65.0)	19,057 (66.1)	4083^a (69.1)	19025^a (65.2)
	Health education professional organizations	19,017 (54.2)	563^a (49.8)	18454^a (54.4)	9562^a (53.5)	9455^a (55.0)	3391 (54.4)	15,626 (54.2)	3386^a (57.3)	15631^a (53.6)
	Civil affairs departments	18,489 (52.7)	718^a (63.5)	17771^a (52.4)	9875^a (55.3)	8614^a (50.1)	3382^a (54.3)	15107^a (52.4)	3119 (52.8)	15,370 (52.7)
	Social groups	14,958 (42.7)	493 (43.6)	14,465 (42.6)	7979^a (44.7)	6979^a (40.6)	2705 (43.4)	12,253 (42.5)	2637^a (44.6)	12321^a (42.3)
	Education departments	14,279 (40.7)	526^a (46.5)	13753^a (40.5)	7722^a (43.2)	6557^a (38.1)	2637^a (42.3)	11642^a (40.4)	2470 (41.8)	11,809 (40.5)

Notes: Negative feelings¹⁾means Negative feelings of panic, fear, and anxiety related to COVID-19; Obsessive-compulsive thoughts²⁾means Obsessive-compulsive thoughts about catching an infection and passing it to one’s family; Feelings caused by the quarantine³⁾ means Feelings of doubt, panic, anger, or loneliness caused by the quarantine; Irrational behaviors⁴⁾ means Irrational behaviors such as excessive hoarding of masks, disinfectants, and daily necessities; somatization symptoms⁵⁾ means Gastrointestinal disorders, insomnia, decreased appetite, and other somatization symptoms. “^a” means statistically significant.