Machine Learning and AI in Cancer Prognosis, Prediction, and Treatment Selection: A Critical Approach

Figures & data

Figure 1 The number of new cancer cases reported in 2020 and the number of deaths caused by these cancers. (A). Estimated number of new cases worldwide in 2020 among both sexes. (B) Estimated number of deaths worldwide in 2020 among both sexes. Reprinted from World Health Organization. © International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2020. Cancer Today. Available from:https://gco.iarc.fr/today/online-analysis-pie?v=2020&mode=cancer&mode_population=continents&population=900&populations=900&key=total&sex=0&cancer=39&type=0&statistic=5&prevalence=0&population_group=0&ages_group%5B%5D=0&ages_group%5B%5D=17&nb_items=7&group_cancer=1&include_nmsc=1&include_nmsc_other=1&half_pie=0&donut=0. [Accessed June 20, 2023].⁴

Figure 2 (a) The concept of the AI, ML and DL. (b) Timescale of major breakthrough (c). Schematic of workflow of ML and (d). of DL.

Notes: Reprinted from Cancer Letters, 471, Huang S, Yang J, Fong S, Zhao Q. Artificial intelligence in cancer diagnosis and prognosis: Opportunities and challenges. 61–71, Copyright (2020), with permission from Elsevier.⁹

Figure 3 Machine learning representative fields of health care services.

World Health Organization. © International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2020. Cancer Today. Available from:https://gco.iarc.fr/today/online-analysis-pie?v=2020&mode=cancer&mode_population=continents&population=900&populations=900&key=total&sex=0&cancer=39&type=0&statistic=5&prevalence=0&population_group=0&ages_group%5B%5D=0&ages_group%5B%5D=17&nb_items=7&group_cancer=1&include_nmsc=1&include_nmsc_other=1&half_pie=0&donut=0. Accessed June 20, 2023.

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Huang S, Yang J, Fong S, Zhao Q. Artificial intelligence in cancer diagnosis and prognosis: opportunities and challenges. Cancer Lett. 2020;471:61–71. doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2019.12.007

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