The Needs of Nurses to Improve Nursing Care for HIV-Positive MSM in Indonesia: A Qualitative Descriptive Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of Participant

Number	Age (years)	Biological Gender	Religion	Education	Work Tenure with MSM Person
P1	26	Female	Islam	Diploma	6 years
P2	40	Female	Islam	Diploma	8 years
P3	44	Female	Islam	Undergraduate	5 years
P4	42	Male	Islam	Undergraduate	5 years
P5	35	Female	Islam	Undergraduate	4 years
P6	38	Male	Islam	Undergraduate	4 years
P7	38	Male	Islam	Undergraduate	3 years
P8	46	Female	Catholic	Undergraduate	26 years
P9	26	Female	Islam	Diploma	5 years
P10	32	Female	Islam	Undergraduate	8 years
P11	40	Male	Islam	RN program	5 years
P12	43	Female	Islam	Diploma	6 years
P13	49	Female	Hindu	Diploma	7 years
P14	48	Female	Catholic	Diploma	7 years
P15	42	Female	Catholic	Diploma	6 years

Abbreviation: RN, Registered Nurse.

Table 2 Superordinate, Subordinate Themes, and Participants’ Quotations

Superordinate Themes	Subordinate Themes	Quotations
Effective therapeutic communication techniques for MSM patients with HIV	Humor	Q1: Sometimes I like to joke. If you are kissing, if there is no wound it is okay. Because you already know how it is transmitted, right? Hihihi… (laughing) (P2)
		Q2: When we intervene, we insert humor so that we are more familiar with the patient (P10)
	Using the patient’s language	Q3: Sometimes they use slang language which they use daily to get closer between health workers and patients (P5)
	Non-Verbal Communication	Q4: Confide using the language used by them (P10)
		Q5: When patients come, we greet them warmly while kissing right and left, that’s normal (P15)
There is an increase in the skills and knowledge of nurses	HIV education that must be up to date	Q6: If we hope for ourselves, maybe with today’s developments, patients are automatically much smarter than nurses. When they are sick, they look for answers through Google searching or looking for reference books. So, we as nurses also need to be updated with our related knowledge. HIV to be able to answer patient questions (P9)
	VCT, CST, Initiation, and Palliative Care capabilities	Q7: I am always included in several training related to patient care, such as training related to palliative care, this supports improving the quality of patient care (P8)
		Q8: In addition to VCT, you also need to learn about CST (care support and therapy to increase care support other than medication, besides that, it is necessary to initiate health workers for early detection of patients so that patients want to do it, voluntarily. (P7)
	Improvement of communication skills and the need for a communication guide	Q9: Nurses must improve their communication skills in an up-to-date way, for example when communicating with patients MSM, queer, and so on, and then understand the slang they use to facilitate interaction and minimize obstacles (P7)
		Q10: There needs to be a communication guide or something like that. So, it is easier to enter their world (P10)
Continuing Care	Caring in the community	Q11: We hope that treatment is not only carried out in hospitals but continues in the community. Who knows, the nurses in the community can get into their environment, so that more prevention efforts are better than treatment(P5)
	The Role of the Community Nurse	Q12: So it is indeed important for community nurses to reach and educate HIV patients after returning from treatment at the hospital (P4)